A tribe of jobbing ditchers

Ted Nield

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A tribe of jobbing ditchers

机译：一个工作沟渠部落

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Earth science, a field in which science and profession have been intimately linked, has grown through the practicalities imposed by industrialization and war but must now revamp to address climate change. The celebrated English engineer and entrepreneur Matthew Boulton had a low opinion of the emerging profession of canal engineer. But for all this, the despised tribe would soon include the great William Smith, 'the father of English geology'. By 1799, Smith had spent almost six years as a 'jobbing ditcher', laying out the Somerset Coal Canal and superintending its building. In that year, he took a circular map of the district of Bath and shaded the different rock types (now widely cited as the worlds first geological map), and similarly coloured the geology of England on a small-scale map. This map of England was the precursor of his great geological map of 1815, known (since Simon Winchester's best-selling book) as "the map that changed the world".

机译：地球科学是科学与专业紧密联系的一个领域，它通过工业化和战争带来的实用性而发展壮大，但现在必须进行调整以应对气候变化。著名的英国工程师和企业家马修·布尔顿（Matthew Boulton）对新兴的运河工程师行业持较低的看法。但尽管如此，被鄙视的部落很快就会包括伟大的威廉·史密斯（William Smith），“英国地质学之父”。到1799年，史密斯已经用了将近六年的时间作为“工作沟渠”，布置了萨默塞特郡的煤炭运河并监督其建设。在那年，他拍摄了巴斯地区的圆形地图，并对不同的岩石类型（现在被广泛称为世界上第一个地质图）进行了阴影处理，并在小比例尺地图上对英格兰的地质进行了类似的着色。这张英格兰地图是他1815年伟大的地质地图的前身，该地图（自西蒙·温彻斯特（Simon Winchester）畅销书以来）被称为“改变世界的地图”。

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《Nature》 |2008年第7176期|p.258-260|共3页
作者
Ted Nield;
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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学总论;
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1. Ninth Circuit: Federal District Court Has Jurisdiction over Appeals of State Engineer Rulings on Groundwater Permits that are Alleged to Affect Tribe's Surface Water Rights under the Orr Ditch Decree [J] . Water Law Newsletter . 2011,第2期

机译：第九巡回法院：联邦地方法院对国家工程师对根据Orr Ditch法令指控涉嫌影响部落的地表水权的地下水许可证的上诉拥有管辖权
2. MAY YOU NEVER HEAR THESE WORDS— DITCHING, DITCHING, DITCHING. [J] . Tina Olivero Oil & gas magazine . 2014,第3期

机译：也许您从来没有听过这些单词-排水，排水，排水。
3. Social Change of Bajo Tribe Society in Karimunjawa: From "Sea Tribe" to "Land Tribe" [J] . Titiek Suliyati Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration: JMSNI . 2017,第2期

机译：Karimunjawa的Bajo部落社会的社会变迁：从“海部落”到“土地部落”
4. Aggressiveness among Sasak Tribe Adolescent and Java Tribe Adolescent [C] . Yuyus Aditya Pratama, Sulastika Ertina ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counseling, and Humanities . 2018

机译：萨拉克部落青少年和Java部落青少年的侵略性
5. Ecological effects of ditching and ditch-plugging in New England salt marshes. [D] . Vincent, Robert E. 2012

机译：新英格兰盐沼中的沟渠和塞渠的生态效应。
6. Investigating the complex story of one ditch—A multidisciplinary study of ditch infill provides insight into the spatial organisation within the oppidum of Bibracte (Burgundy France) [O] . Petra Goláňová, Mária Hajnalová, Lenka Lisá, 2020

机译：调查一个沟渠的复杂故事 - 对沟渠的多学科研究提供了对Bibracte（Burgundy法国勃艮第）的空间组织的洞察力
7. Cross-Sensitization in Diverse Poisonous Members of the Sumac Family (Anacardiaceae)11FAMILY ANACARDIACEAE. The bark of these plants characteristically has canals which contain a milky-white sap that often dries (especially in the caustic members) into a black lacquer-like material on contact with the air. The canals connect with canals of the leaves, and usually with the flowers and fruits. The family falls into five quite distinctive tribes; the following key indicates some of the characteristics of each tribe:Tribe Dobineae: Perianth absent: carpel 1: leaves simple.Tribe Mangiferae: Perianth present: carpel 1 (or 5 and then not united); carpel (or carpels) not sunken into and united with the receptacle; leaves simple.Tribe Spondieae: Carpels 3 to 5, united. Carpels usually 4 to 5 (rarely more or only 3); usually all carpels fertile.Tribe Semecarpeae: Carpels usually 3, all but 1 not fertile. Base of fruit sunken into the receptacle; leaves usually simple.Tribe Rhoideae: Base of fruit not sunken into the receptacle; leaves usually compound. [O] . Howell J.B. 1959

机译：Sumac家族（Anacardiaceae）11 ANACARDIACEAE的不同有毒成员中的交叉敏化。这些植物的树皮典型地具有包含乳白色汁液的渠道，该汁液通常在与空气接触时干燥成干燥的黑色漆状物质（特别是在苛性成分中）。运河与树叶的运河相连，通常与花朵和水果相连。这个家庭分为五个非常独特的部落。下面的关键点表示每个部落的一些特征：部落多比那亚：没有花被：心皮1：叶片简单。芒果：花被存在：心皮1（或5，然后不团结）；心皮（一个或多个心皮）不沉入接收器并与接收器结合；叶子简单。脊椎部落：心皮3至5，合生。心皮通常4到5（很少或很少3）；通常所有心皮都可育。部落Semecarpeae：心皮通常3个，除1个外都不可育。果实基部沉入容器中；叶子通常很简单。莱茵科：果实基部不下沉到容器中。叶通常复合。
8. Ditch 19 Extension: A Cultural Resources Literature Search of the Ditch 14, Lateral A, Lateral 1 and Extended Reach of Ditch 19 in Dunklin and Stoddard Counties, Missouri. [R] . Klinger, T. C. 1983

机译：沟渠19扩建：密苏里州敦克林和斯托达德县的沟14，侧a，侧1和延伸19的文化资源文献检索。

A tribe of jobbing ditchers

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