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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Facultative cheater mutants reveal the genetic complexity of cooperation in social amoebae
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Facultative cheater mutants reveal the genetic complexity of cooperation in social amoebae

机译：兼性作弊突变体揭示了在社会变形虫中合作的遗传复杂性

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Cooperation is central to many major transitions in evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells, multicellularity and eusociality. Cooperation can be destroyed by the spread of cheater mutants that do not cooperate but gain the benefits of cooperation from others. However, cooperation can be preserved if cheaters are facultative, cheating others but cooperating among themselves. Several cheater mutants have been studied before, but no study has attempted a genome-scale investigation of the genetic opportunities for cheating. Here we describe such a screen in a social amoeba and show that cheating is multifaceted by revealing cheater mutations in well over 100 genes of diverse types. Many of these mutants cheat facultatively, producing more than their fair share of spores in chimaeras, but cooperating normally when clonal. These findings indicate that phenotypically stable cooperative systems may nevertheless harbour genetic conflicts. The opportunities for evolutionary moves and countermoves in such conflicts may select for the involvement of multiple pathways and numerous genes.
机译：合作是进化中许多重大转变的核心，包括真核细胞的出现，多细胞性和善意性。欺骗性突变体的扩散可以破坏合作，这些突变体不合作但从他人那里获得合作的好处。但是，如果作弊者是兼职的，欺骗他人但彼此合作的，则可以保持合作。以前已经研究了几种作弊者突变体，但是没有研究尝试对作弊的遗传机会进行基因组规模的研究。在这里，我们描述了社交变形虫中的这种屏幕，并通过揭示超过100种不同类型基因中的作弊者突变来证明作弊是多方面的。这些突变体中的许多突变体都是诱骗性的，在嵌合体中产生的孢子份额超过其公平份额，但在克隆时却能正常协作。这些发现表明，表型稳定的合作系统可能仍具有遗传冲突。在这种冲突中进化和反动的机会可能会选择参与多种途径和众多基因。

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