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Gamete formation without meiosis in Arabidopsis

机译：拟南芥中没有减数分裂的配子形成

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Apomixis, the formation of asexual seeds in plants, leads to populations that are genetically uniform maternal clones. The transfer of apomixis to crop plants holds great promise in plant breeding for fixation of heterozygosity and hybrid vigour because it would allow the propagation of hybrids over successive generations1'2. Apomixis involves the production of unreduced (diploid) female gametes that retain the genotype of the parent plant (apomeiosis), followed by parthenogenetic development of the egg cell into an embryo and the formation of functional endosperm3. The molecular mechanisms underlying apomixis are unknown. Here we show that mutation of the Arabidopsis gene DYAD/SWITCH1 (SWI1), a regulator of meiotic chromosome organization, leads to apomeiosis. We found that most fertile ovules in dyad plants form seeds that are triploid and that arise from the fertilization of an unreduced female gamete by a haploid male gamete. The unreduced female gametes fully retain parental heterozygosity across the genome, which is characteristic of apomeiosis. Our results show that the alteration of a single gene in a sexual plant can bring about functional apomeiosis, a major component of apomixis.
机译：无融合生殖是植物中无性种子的形成，导致种群在遗传上是统一的母体克隆。无融合生殖向农作物的转移在植物育种中具有固定杂合性和杂种活力的巨大前景，因为它将允许杂种在连续世代中繁殖1'2。无融合生殖涉及产生未还原的（二倍体）雌性配子，这些配子保留了亲本植物的基因型（无融合生殖），然后卵细胞单性发育成胚并形成功能性胚乳3。无融合生殖的分子机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们显示拟南芥基因DYAD / SWITCH1（SWI1）（减数分裂染色体组织的调节子）的突变导致减数分裂。我们发现，二倍体植物中大多数可育胚珠形成的种子是三倍体，并且是由单倍体雄配子对未还原雌配子的施肥引起的。未减少的雌配子在整个基因组中完全保留父母杂合性，这是无融合生殖的特征。我们的结果表明，有性植物中单个基因的改变可以导致功能性无融合生殖，这是无融合生殖的主要组成部分。

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