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The Borealis basin and the origin of the martian crustal dichotomy

机译：北欧海盆地和火星地壳二分法的起源

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摘要

The most prominent feature on the surface of Mars is the near-hemispheric dichotomy between the southern highlands and northern lowlands. The root of this dichotomy is a change in crustal thickness along an apparently irregular boundary, which can be traced around the planet, except where it is presumably buried beneath the Tharsis volcanic rise. The isostatic compensation of these distinct provinces and the ancient population of impact craters buried beneath the young lowlands surface4 suggest that the dichotomy is one of the most ancient features on the planet3. However, the origin of this dichotomy has remained uncertain, with little evidence to distinguish between the suggested causes: a giant impact or mantle convection/overturn. Here we use the gravity and topography of Mars to constrain the location of the dichotomy boundary beneath Tharsis, taking advantage of the different modes of compensation for Tharsis and the dichotomy to separate their effects. We find that the dichotomy boundary along its entire path around the planet is accurately fitted by an ellipse measuring approximately 10,600 by 8,500 km, centred at 67° N, 208° E. We suggest that the elliptical nature of the crustal dichotomy is most simply explained by a giant impact, representing the largest such structure thus far identified in the Solar System.
机译：火星表面最显着的特征是南部高地和北部低地之间的近半球二分法。这种二分法的根源是地壳厚度沿明显不规则的边界发生变化，该边界可以在行星周围追踪，除非它可能埋在塔尔西斯火山上升下方。这些不同省份的等静压补偿以及埋藏在年轻低地表面之下的撞击坑的古代人口4表明，二分法是地球上最古老的特征之一3。但是，这种二分法的起源仍然不确定，几乎没有证据可以区分建议的原因：巨大的撞击或地幔对流/倾覆。在这里，我们利用火星的重力和地形来限制Tharsis下二分法边界的位置，并利用针对Tharsis和二分法的不同补偿方式来分离其作用。我们发现，围绕着整个行星的整个路径的二分法边界可以精确地拟合为一个以10°×8,500 km的椭圆为中心，其中心位于67°N，208°E。我们建议最简单地解释地壳二分法的椭圆性质巨大的影响，代表了迄今为止太阳系中最大的这种结构。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2008年第7198期|1212-1215|共4页
  • 作者

    Jeffrey C. Andrews-Hanna; Maria T. Zuber; W. Bruce Banerdt;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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