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Escape from adaptive conflict after duplication in an anthocyanin pathway gene

机译：在花青素途径基因中复制后逃避了适应性冲突

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摘要

Gene duplications have been recognized as an important source of evolutionary innovation and adaptation since at least Haldane, and their varying fates may partly explain the vast disparity in observed genome sizes. The expected fates of most gene duplications involve primarily non-adaptive substitutions leading to either non-functio-nalization of one duplicate copy or subfunctionalization, neither of which yields novel function. A significant evolutionary problem is thus elucidating the mechanisms of adaptive evolutionary change leading to evolutionary novelty. Currently, the most widely recognized adaptive process involving gene duplication is neo-functiona-lization (NEO-F), in which one copy undergoes directional selection to perform a novel function after duplication. An alternative, but understudied, adaptive fate that has been proposed is escape from adaptive conflict (EAC), in which a single-copy gene is selected to perform a novel function while maintaining its ancestral function. This gene is constrained from improving either novel or ancestral function because of detrimental pleiotropic effects on the other function. After duplication, one copy is free to improve novel function, whereas the other is selected to improve ancestral function. Here we first present two criteria that can be used to distinguish NEO-F from EAC. Using both tests for positive selection and assays of enzyme function, we then demonstrate that adaptive evolutionary change in a duplicated gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in morning glories (Ipomoea) is best interpreted as EAC. Finally, we argue that this phenomenon likely occurs more often than has been previously believed and may thus represent an important mechanism in generating evolutionary novelty.
机译：至少从霍尔丹起，基因复制就被认为是进化创新和适应的重要来源，它们的命运可能部分解释了观察到的基因组大小的巨大差异。大多数基因重复的预期命运主要涉及非适应性替换，从而导致一个重复副本的非功能化或亚功能化，这两种功能均不会产生新功能。因此，一个重大的进化问题正在阐明导致进化新奇的适应性进化变化的机制。当前，涉及基因复制的最广为人知的适应性过程是新功能化（NEO-F），其中一个拷贝经过定向选择以在复制后执行新功能。已提出的另一种但尚未充分研究的适应性命运是摆脱适应性冲突（EAC），在这种情况下，选择单拷贝基因来执行新功能，同时保持其祖先功能。由于该基因对其他功能的有害多效性作用，因此无法改善其新功能或祖先功能。复制后，可以自由复制一个副本以改善新功能，而选择另一个副本以改善祖先功能。在这里，我们首先介绍两个可用于区分NEO-F和EAC的标准。使用阳性选择和酶功能测定的两种方法，我们然后证明牵牛花（Ipomoea）中花色苷生物合成途径重复基因的适应性进化变化最好解释为EAC。最后，我们认为这种现象可能比以前认为的发生得更多，因此可能代表了产生进化新奇的重要机制。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2008年第7205期|p.762-765|共4页
  • 作者

    David L. Des Marais; Mark D. Rausher;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology and University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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