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Testing the speed of 'spooky action at a distance'

机译：测试“远距离鬼行”的速度

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Correlations are generally described by one of two mechanisms: either a first event influences a second one by sending information encoded in bosons or other physical carriers, or the correlated events have some common causes in their shared history. Quantum physics predicts an entirely different kind of cause for some correlations, named entanglement. This reveals itself in correlations that violate Bell inequalities (implying that they cannot be described by common causes) between space-like separated events (implying that they cannot be described by classical communication). Many Bell tests have been performed1, and loopholes related to locality and detection have been closed in several independent experiments. It is still possible that a first event could influence a second, but the speed of this hypothetical influence (Einstein's 'spooky action at a distance') would need to be defined in some universal privileged reference frame and be greater than the speed of light. Here we put stringent experimental bounds on the speed of all such hypothetical influences. We performed a Bell test over more than 24 hours between two villages separated by 18 km and approximately east-west oriented, with the source located precisely in the middle. We continuously observed two-photon interferences well above the Bell inequality threshold. Taking advantage of the Earth's rotation, the configuration of our experiment allowed us to determine, for any hypothetically privileged frame, a lower bound for the speed of the influence. For example, if such a privileged reference frame exists and is such that the Earth's speed in this frame is less than 10~(-3) times that of the speed of light, then the speed of the influence would have to exceed that of light by at least four orders of magnitude.
机译：通常用两种机制中的一种来描述相关性：第一个事件通过发送以玻色子或其他物理载体编码的信息来影响第二个事件，或者相关事件在它们的共享历史中具有某些共同原因。量子物理学预言了某些相互关系的完全不同的起因，称为纠缠。这在违反类空间分离事件之间的贝尔不等式（暗示它们不能由共同原因描述）（暗示它们无法通过经典交流描述）中的相关性揭示出来。已经进行了许多贝尔测试1，并且在几个独立的实验中关闭了与定位和检测有关的漏洞。第一个事件可能仍会影响第二个事件，但是这种假设影响的速度（爱因斯坦的“远距离诡异动作”）需要在某些通用特权参考框架中进行定义，并且要大于光速。在这里，我们对所有这些假设影响的速度设定了严格的实验界限。我们在两个相距18公里，大致东西向的村庄之间进行了超过24小时的贝尔测试，信号源恰好位于中间。我们连续观察到远高于贝尔不等式阈值的双光子干扰。利用地球的自转，我们的实验配置使我们能够为任何假设具有特权的框架确定影响速度的下限。例如，如果存在这样一个特权参照系，并且该参照系中的地球速度小于光速的10〜（-3）倍，那么影响的速度就必须超过光速至少增加四个数量级

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2008年第7206期|p.861-864|共4页
  • 作者

    Daniel Salart; Augustin Baas; Cyril Branciard; Nicolas Gisin; Hugo Zbinden;

  • 作者单位

    Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 20 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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