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The molecular organization of cypovirus polyhedra

机译：杯状病毒多面体的分子组织

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Cypoviruses and baculoviruses are notoriously difficult to eradicate because the virus particles are embedded in micrometre-sized protein crystals called polyhedra. The remarkable stability of polyhedra means that, like bacterial spores, these insect viruses remain infectious for years in soil. The environmental persistence of polyhedra is the cause of significant losses in silkworm cocoon harvests but has also been exploited against pests in biological alternatives to chemical insecticides. Although polyhedra have been extensively characterized since the early 1900s, their atomic organization remains elusive. Here we describe the 2 A crystal structure of both recombinant and infectious silkworm cypovirus polyhedra determined using crystals 5-12 micrometres in diameter purified from insect cells. These are the smallest crystals yet used for de novo X-ray protein structure determination. We found that polyhedra are made of trimers of the viral polyhedrin protein and contain nucleotides. Although the shape of these building blocks is reminiscent of some capsid trimers, polyhedrin has a new fold and has evolved to assemble in vivo into three-dimensional cubic crystals rather than icosahedral shells. The polyhedrin trimers are extensively cross-linked in polyhedra by non-covalent interactions and pack with an exquisite molecular complementarity similar to that of antigen-antibody complexes. The resulting ultrastable and sealed crystals shield the virus particles from environmental damage. The structure suggests that polyhedra can serve as the basis for the development of robust and versatile nanoparticles for biotechnological applications such as microarrays and biopesticides.
机译：众所周知，由于病毒颗粒被嵌入称为“多面体”的微米级蛋白质晶体中，因此很难根除病毒和杆状病毒。多面体的出色稳定性意味着，像细菌孢子一样，这些昆虫病毒在土壤中可保持多年感染力。多面体在环境上的持久性是蚕茧收成大量损失的原因，但也已被用作化学杀虫剂生物替代品中的有害生物。尽管多面体自1900年代初以来已被广泛表征，但它们的原子组织仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们描述了使用从昆虫细胞中纯化而来的直径5-12微米的晶体测定的重组和传染性家蚕cypovirus多角体的2 A晶体结构。这些是迄今用于X射线X线蛋白质结构测定的最小晶体。我们发现多面体由病毒多面体蛋白的三聚体组成，并包含核苷酸。尽管这些构件的形状让人联想到衣壳三聚体，但多面体蛋白却有了新的褶皱，并且已经进化为在体内组装成三维立方晶体，而不是二十面体壳。多面体三聚体通过非共价相互作用在多面体中广泛交联，并以类似于抗原-抗体复合物的精致分子互补性堆积。最终形成的超稳定且密封的晶体可以保护病毒颗粒免受环境破坏。该结构表明，多面体可以作为开发健壮且用途广泛的纳米颗粒的基础，以用于生物技术应用，例如微阵列和生物农药。

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