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Meridiani Planum and the global hydrology of Mars

机译：Meridiani Planum与火星全球水文学

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摘要

The Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover found evidence for groundwater activity in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars in the form of aeolian and fluvial sediments composed of sulphate-rich grains. These sediments appear to have experienced diagenetic modification in the presence of a fluctuating water table. In addition to the extensive secondary aqueous alteration, the primary grains themselves probably derive from earlier playa evaporites. Little is known, however, about the hydrologic processes responsible for this environmental history—particularly how such extensive evaporite deposits formed in the absence of a topographic basin. Here we investigate the origin of these deposits, in the context of the global hydrology of early Mars, using numerical simulations, and demonstrate that Meridiani is one of the few regions of currently exposed ancient crust predicted to have experienced significant groundwater upwelling and evaporation. The global groundwater flow would have been driven primarily by precipitation-induced recharge and evaporative loss, with the formation of the Tharsis volcanic rise possibly playing a role through the burial of aquifers and induced global deformation. These results suggest that the deposits formed as a result of sustained groundwater upwelling and evaporation, rather than ponding within an enclosed basin. The evaporite formation coincided with a transition to more arid conditions that increased the relative impact of a deep-seated, global-scale hydrology on the surface evolution.
机译：机会火星探测漫游车发现了由富含硫酸盐的谷物组成的风沙和河流沉积物形式的火星Meridiani Planum地区的地下水活动证据。在水位波动的情况下，这些沉积物似乎经历了成岩作用。除了大量的次级水蚀蚀变以外，初级颗粒本身可能还来自较早的普拉亚蒸发岩。然而，对于造成这种环境历史的水文过程知之甚少，特别是在没有地形盆地的情况下，如此大量的蒸发岩沉积物是如何形成的。在这里，我们使用数值模拟方法在火星早期全球水文背景下调查了这些矿床的成因，并证明了子午线是目前被暴露的古地壳中被预测会经历大量地下水上升和蒸发的少数几个地区之一。全球地下水流量主要是由降水引起的补给和蒸发损失驱动的，而塔里西斯火山上升的形成可能通过埋藏含水层和引起整体变形而起作用。这些结果表明，沉积物是由于持续的地下水上升流和蒸发而形成的，而不是在封闭的盆地中积聚的。蒸发岩的形成与向更干旱条件的转变相吻合，这增加了深层次的全球尺度水文学对地表演化的相对影响。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2007年第7132期|p.163-166|共4页
  • 作者

    Jeffrey C. Andrews-Hanna; Roger J. Phillips; Maria T. Zuber;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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