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The effects of competition and predation on diversification in a model adaptive radiation

机译:模型自适应辐射中竞争和掠夺对多样化的影响

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摘要

生命的多样性被认为是源自一系列演化突发事件或“适应性辐射”。 造成这些突发事件的条件是什么?为什么它们会在大灭绝之后出 现、会出现在岛屿上、并且从时间上来讲是零星或偶然出现的? Justin Meyer和Rees Kassen在一个包含原生动物捕食者Tetrahymena thermophilia及其细菌猎物的群落中为我们提供了实验证据,该证据 表明,引起演化突发事件的演化过程受这些捕食者影响。要减少猎物 的种群数量,捕食者会降低猎物物种分化成新形式的速度。捕食者在 孤立的岛屿上数量稀少,而且有时会发生大量灭绝,说明它们的缺席 是随后发生的突发演化事件的一种催化剂。在另一篇论文中,Fukami 等人利用模型细菌种群发现,生物多样性是向群落内迁移的生态过程 和群落内的多样化演化过程这两个过程的结果。这意味着,只有将生 态和演化综合起来,才能充分认识生物多样性。%Much of life's diversity is thought to have arisen through successive rounds of adaptive radiation—the rapid diversification of a lineage into a range of ecologically and phenotypically distinct species. Both resource competition and predation have been suggested as mechanisms driving this process, although the former is better studied than the latter. Here we show experimentally how predation by a protist, Tetrahymena thertnophila, affects diversification in a model adaptive radiation of the bacterial prey, Pseudomonas fluorescens. We estimate the frequency-dependent fitness functions of competing niche-specialist prey in the presence and absence of predation, and use these to test hypotheses about the extent (measured as the number of new genotypes) and rate of diversification.
机译:生命的多样性被认为是源自一系列演化突发事件或“适应性辐射”。 造成这些突发事件的条件是什么?为什么它们会在大灭绝之后出 现、会出现在岛屿上、并且从时间上来讲是零星或偶然出现的? Justin Meyer和Rees Kassen在一个包含原生动物捕食者Tetrahymena thermophilia及其细菌猎物的群落中为我们提供了实验证据,该证据 表明,引起演化突发事件的演化过程受这些捕食者影响。要减少猎物 的种群数量,捕食者会降低猎物物种分化成新形式的速度。捕食者在 孤立的岛屿上数量稀少,而且有时会发生大量灭绝,说明它们的缺席 是随后发生的突发演化事件的一种催化剂。在另一篇论文中,Fukami 等人利用模型细菌种群发现,生物多样性是向群落内迁移的生态过程 和群落内的多样化演化过程这两个过程的结果。这意味着,只有将生 态和演化综合起来,才能充分认识生物多样性。%Much of life's diversity is thought to have arisen through successive rounds of adaptive radiation—the rapid diversification of a lineage into a range of ecologically and phenotypically distinct species. Both resource competition and predation have been suggested as mechanisms driving this process, although the former is better studied than the latter. Here we show experimentally how predation by a protist, Tetrahymena thertnophila, affects diversification in a model adaptive radiation of the bacterial prey, Pseudomonas fluorescens. We estimate the frequency-dependent fitness functions of competing niche-specialist prey in the presence and absence of predation, and use these to test hypotheses about the extent (measured as the number of new genotypes) and rate of diversification.

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2007年第7134期|p.432-435|共4页
  • 作者

    Justin R. Meyer; Rees Kassen;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology and Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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