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Eruptions arising from tidally controlled periodic openings of rifts on Enceladus

机译：潮汐潮汐控制的周期性裂口引起的喷发

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摘要

In 2005, plumes were detected near the south polar region of Enceladus, a small icy satellite of Saturn. Observations of the south pole revealed large rifts in the crust, informally called 'tiger stripes', which exhibit higher temperatures than the surrounding terrain and are probably sources of the observed eruptions. Models of the ultimate interior source for the eruptions are under consideration. Other models of an expanding plume require eruptions from discrete sources, as well as less voluminous eruptions from a more extended source, to match the observations. No physical mechanism that matches the observations has been identified to control these eruptions. Here we report a mechanism in which temporal variations in tidal stress open and close the tiger-stripe rifts, governing the timing of eruptions. During each orbit, every portion of each tiger stripe rift spends about half the tune in tension, which allows the rift to open, exposing volatiles, and allowing eruptions. In a complementary process, periodic shear stress along the rifts also generates heat along their lengths, which has the capacity to enhance eruptions. Plume activity is expected to vary periodically, affecting the injection of material into Saturn's E ring and its formation, evolution and structure. Moreover, the stresses controlling eruptions imply that Enceladus' icy shell behaves as a thin elastic layer, perhaps only a few tens of kilometres thick.
机译：2005年，在土星的小型冰冷卫星土卫二的南极地区附近发现了羽状流。对南极的观测显示出地壳中有大裂痕，非正式地称为“虎纹”，其温度高于周围的地形，可能是观测到的爆发的来源。正在考虑最终内部爆发源的模型。其他的羽状流扩展模型需要来自离散源的爆发，以及来自较大扩展源的较少数量的爆发，以与观测结果相匹配。还没有发现与观测结果相符的物理机制来控制这些喷发。在这里，我们报告一种机制，其中潮汐应力的时间变化会打开和关闭虎纹裂谷，从而控制喷发的时间。在每个轨道上，每个老虎条纹裂谷的每个部分都花费大约一半的张力，这使裂谷得以张开，暴露出挥发性物质并允许爆发。在补充过程中，沿裂谷的周期性剪切应力还会沿其长度产生热量，从而具有增强喷发的能力。羽流活动预计会定期变化，从而影响将物质注入土星E环的过程以及其形成，演化和结构。此外，控制喷发的应力表明土卫二的冰壳表现为薄的弹性层，厚度可能只有几十公里。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2007年第7142期|p.292-294|共3页
  • 作者

    T. A. Hurford; P. Helfenstein; G. V. Hoppa; R. Greenberg; B. G. Bills;

  • 作者单位

    Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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