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Universal physical responses to stretch in the living cell

机译：在活细胞中伸展的普遍生理反应

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With every beat of the heart, inflation of the lung or peristalsis of the gut, cell types of diverse function are subjected to substantial stretch. Stretch is a potent stimulus for growth, differentiation, migration, remodelling and gene expression. Here, we report that in response to transient stretch the cytoskeleton fluidizes in such a way as to define a universal response class. This finding implicates mechanisms mediated not only by specific signalling intermediates, as is usually assumed, but also by non-specific actions of a slowly evolving network of physical forces. These results support the idea that the cell interior is at once a crowded chemical space and a fragile soft material in which the effects of biochemistry, molecular crowding and physical forces are complex and inseparable, yet conspire nonetheless to yield remarkably simple phenomenological laws. These laws seem to be both universal and primitive, and thus comprise a striking intersection between the worlds of cell biology and soft matter physics.
机译：随着心脏的每一次跳动，肺部的膨胀或肠蠕动，各种功能的细胞类型都会受到很大的拉伸。伸展是生长，分化，迁移，重塑和基因表达的有效刺激。在这里，我们报告说，响应瞬态拉伸，细胞骨架以定义通用响应类别的方式流化。该发现不仅暗示了通常假设的特定信号中间产物介导的机制，还包含了缓慢发展的物理力网络的非特定作用。这些结果支持了这样一个想法，即细胞内部既是一个拥挤的化学空间，又是一种脆弱的软质材料，其中生物化学，分子拥挤和物理作用力的作用是复杂而不可分割的，但仍然合谋产生了非常简单的现象学定律。这些定律似乎既是普遍的又是原始的，因此构成了细胞生物学与软物质物理学之间的惊人交集。

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