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Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO_2 ocean

机译：高CO_2海洋中生物碳消耗量的增加

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The oceans have absorbed nearly half of the fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO_2) emitted into the atmosphere since pre-industrial times, causing a measurable reduction in seawater pH and carbonate saturation. If CO_2 emissions continue to rise at current rates, upper-ocean pH will decrease to levels lower than have existed for tens of millions of years and, critically, at a rate of change 100 times greater than at any time over this period3. Recent studies have shown effects of ocean acidification on a variety of marine life forms, in particular calcifying organisms. Consequences at the community to ecosystem level, in contrast, are largely unknown. Here we show that dissolved inorganic carbon consumption of a natural plankton community maintained in mesocosm enclosures at initial CO_2 partial pressures of 350,700 and 1,050 uatm increases with rising CO_2. The community consumed up to 39% more dissolved inorganic carbon at increased CO_2 partial pressures compared to present levels, whereas nutrient uptake remained the same. The stoichiometry of carbon to nitrogen drawdown increased from 6.0 at low CO_2 to 8.0 at high CO_2, thus exceeding the Redfield carbon:nitrogen ratio of 6.6 in today's ocean. This excess carbon consumption was associated with higher loss of organic carbon from the upper layer of the stratified mesocosms. If applicable to the natural environment, the observed responses have implications for a variety of marine biological and biogeo-chemical processes, and underscore the importance of biologically driven feedbacks in the ocean to global change.
机译：自工业化前以来，海洋吸收了排放到大气中的化石燃料二氧化碳（CO_2）的近一半，导致海水pH值和碳酸盐饱和度明显降低。如果CO_2的排放量继续以当前的速度上升，那么海洋的pH值将降低到几千万年以来的最低水平，并且至关重要的是，变化率将比该时期的任何时候都大100倍3。最近的研究表明，海洋酸化对多种海洋生物特别是钙化生物的影响。相比之下，社区对生态系统一级的后果基本上是未知的。在这里，我们表明，在初始CO_2分压为350,700和1,050 uatm的情况下，维持在中观空间中的天然浮游生物群落的溶解无机碳消耗随CO_2的增加而增加。与当前水平相比，在增加的CO_2分压下，社区消耗的溶解性无机碳最多增加39％，而养分吸收保持不变。碳氮减少的化学计量从低CO_2时的6.0增加到高CO_2时的8.0，从而超过了当今海洋中Redfield碳：氮比6.6。过量的碳消耗与分层中观的上层有机碳损失较高有关。如果适用于自然环境，那么观察到的反应将对各种海洋生物和生物地球化学过程产生影响，并强调了海洋生物驱动反馈对全球变化的重要性。

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