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Environmental precursors to rapid light carbon injection at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary

机译：在古新世/始新世边界迅速注入轻碳的环境先驱

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摘要

The start of the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum—a period of exceptional global warming about 55 million years ago—is marked by a prominent negative carbon isotope excursion that reflects a massive input of ~(13)C-depleted ('light') carbon to the ocean-atmosphere system. It is often assumed that this carbon injection initiated the rapid increase in global surface temperatures and environmental change that characterize the climate perturbation, but the exact sequence of events remains uncertain. Here we present chemical and biotic records of environmental change across the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary from two sediment sections in New Jersey that have high sediment accumulation rates. We show that the onsets of environmental change (as recorded by the abundant occurrence ('acme') of the dinoflagellate cyst Apectodinium) and of surface-ocean warming (as evidenced by the palaeothermometer TEX_(86)) preceded the light carbon injection by several thousand years. The onset of the Apectodinium acme also precedes the carbon isotope excursion in sections from the southwest Pacific Ocean and the North Sea, indicating that the early onset of environmental change was not confined to the New Jersey shelf. The lag of ～3,000 years between the onset of warming in New Jersey shelf waters and the carbon isotope excursion is consistent with the hypothesis that bottom water warming caused the injection of ~(13)C-depleted carbon by triggering the dissociation of submarine methane hydrates, but the cause of the early warming remains uncertain.
机译：古新世/始新世最高温度的开始（大约5500万年前的全球异常变暖），其特征是一个显着的负碳同位素偏移，反映出〜（13）C贫化（“轻”）碳的大量输入到海洋-大气系统。通常认为这种碳注入引发了全球地表温度和环境变化的快速上升，这是气候扰动的特征，但事件的确切顺序仍然不确定。在这里，我们介绍了新泽西州两个沉积物剖面中古沉积/始新世边界具有较高沉积物累积速率的环境变化的化学和生物记录。我们表明，环境变化的发生（如鞭毛囊藻的大量出现（'acme'）所记录）和表面海洋变暖（如古温度计TEX_（86）所证明）先于若干次轻碳注入一千年。在西南太平洋和北海部分地区，碳pect的爆发也早于碳同位素的偏移，这表明环境变化的早期发作并不局限于新泽西州的大陆架。新泽西架子水变暖开始与碳同位素偏移之间的〜3,000年的滞后时间与以下假说相符：底水变暖通过触发海底甲烷水合物的解离导致注入〜（13）C贫化的碳。 ，但早期变暖的原因仍不确定。

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