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A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind

机译：磁力重接X线在太阳风中延伸超过390的地球半径

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摘要

Magnetic reconnection in a current sheet converts magnetic energy into particle energy, a process that is important in many laboratory(1), space(2,3) and astrophysical contexts(4-6). It is not known at present whether reconnection is fundamentally a process that can occur over an extended region in space or whether it is patchy and unpredictable in nature(7). Frequent reports of small-scale flux ropes and flow channels associated with reconnection(8-13) in the Earth's magnetosphere raise the possibility that reconnection is intrinsically patchy, with each reconnection X-line ( the line along which oppositely directed magnetic field lines reconnect) extending at most a few Earth radii (R-E), even though the associated current sheets span many tens or hundreds of R-E. Here we report three-spacecraft observations of accelerated flow associated with reconnection in a current sheet embedded in the solar wind flow, where the reconnection X-line extended at least 390R(E) ( or 2.5 x 10(6) km). Observations of this and 27 similar events imply that reconnection is fundamentally a large-scale process. Patchy reconnection observed in the Earth's magnetosphere is therefore likely to be a geophysical effect associated with fluctuating boundary conditions, rather than a fundamental property of reconnection. Our observations also reveal, surprisingly, that reconnection can operate in a quasi-steady-state manner even when undriven by the external flow.
机译：当前工作表中的磁重新连接将磁能转换为粒子能，这一过程在许多实验室（1），空间（2,3）和天体物理学（4-6）中都很重要。目前尚不知道重新连接从根本上讲是可以在空间的扩展区域上发生的过程，还是本质上是零散且不可预测的过程（7）。关于地球磁层中重新连接（8-13）的小规模通量绳和流动通道的频繁报道增加了重新连接本质上是斑驳的可能性，每条重新连接的X线（方向相反的磁场线沿着该线重新连接）即使相关的电流表跨越数十或数百个RE，其最大延伸范围仍为几个地球半径（RE）。在这里，我们报告了三颗航天器对与重新连接相关联的加速流的观测结果，该重新连接与嵌入太阳风流中的电流表有关，其中重新连接X线延伸至少390R（E）（或2.5 x 10（6）km）。对该事件和27个类似事件的观察表明，重新连接从根本上说是一个大规模的过程。因此，在地球磁层中观察到的斑驳重新连接很可能是与波动边界条件相关的地球物理效应，而不是重新连接的基本属性。令人惊讶的是，我们的观察结果还表明，即使不受外部流的驱动，重新连接也可以准稳态运行。

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