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Molecular trails from hitch-hiking snails

机译：搭便车蜗牛的分子足迹

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摘要

Darwin was fascinated by the transportation of land snails across great swathes of open ocean by birds — he even immersed snails in sea water to see how long they would survive. Here we follow a molecular phylogenetic trail that reveals the incredible transequatorial dispersal of the land snail Balea from Europe to the Azores and the Tristan da Cunha islands, and back again. This long-distance dispersal is unexpected for what are proverbially considered the most pedestrian of creatures. An allegorical picture from the sixteenth century shows a bird carrying a snail (Fig. 1), but it was not until 1921 that the possibility of land-snail dispersal by birds was discussed for Balea. It was suggested that the exceptionally tenacious slime and arboreal habit of Balea perversa, an ovoviviparous hermaphrodite, could aid passive dispersal by birds. As land snails occur on even the most remote islands, this must be a frequent event, despite the limited number of well documented cases.
机译：达尔文着迷于蜗牛在广阔的广阔海洋中被鸟类运送的过程-他甚至将蜗牛浸入海水中以观察它们能存活多久。在这里，我们遵循了一条分子系统发育线索，揭示了蜗牛蜗牛从欧洲到亚速尔群岛和特里斯坦达库尼亚群岛，然后再返回的令人难以置信的跨赤道扩散。对于长途分散来说，这是众所周知的生物中最常行人的地方。一张十六世纪的寓言图片显示，一只鸟背着蜗牛（图1），但直到1921年，才为巴利阿讨论了鸟类散布蜗牛的可能性。有人认为，卵生雌雄同体的Balea perversa异常顽强的粘液和树栖习性可以帮助鸟类被动消散。即使在最偏远的岛屿上也会发生蜗牛，尽管确凿案例数量有限，但这肯定是经常发生的事件。

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