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Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates.

机译:被膜而不是头针是脊椎动物的近亲。

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摘要

Tunicates or urochordates (appendicularians, salps and sea squirts), cephalochordates (lancelets) and vertebrates (including lamprey and hagfish) constitute the three extant groups of chordate animals. Traditionally, cephalochordates are considered as the closest living relatives of vertebrates, with tunicates representing the earliest chordate lineage. This view is mainly justified by overall morphological similarities and an apparently increased complexity in cephalochordates and vertebrates relative to tunicates. Despite their critical importance for understanding the origins of vertebrates, phylogenetic studies of chordate relationships have provided equivocal results. Taking advantage of the genome sequencing of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica, we assembled a phylogenomic data set of 146 nuclear genes (33,800 unambiguously aligned amino acids) from 14 deuterostomes and 24 other slowly evolving species as an outgroup. Here we show that phylogenetic analyses of this data set provide compellingevidence that tunicates, and not cephalochordates, represent the closest living relatives of vertebrates. Chordate monophyly remains uncertain because cephalochordates, albeit with a non-significant statistical support, surprisingly grouped with echinoderms, a hypothesis that needs to be tested with additional data. This new phylogenetic scheme prompts a reappraisal of both morphological and palaeontological data and has important implications for the interpretation of developmental and genomic studies in which tunicates and cephalochordates are used as model animals.
机译:上颌甲或下颌甲(附肢动物,小腿和海鞘),头足类(长矛)和脊椎动物(包括七lamp鳗和ha鱼)构成了现存的三类绒毛动物。传统上,头针目动物被认为是脊椎动物的近亲,而被膜代表最早的r酸盐谱系。这种观点主要是由于总体形态上的相似性以及相对于被束缚者的头针和脊椎动物明显增加的复杂性所证明的。尽管它们对于理解脊椎动物的起源具有至关重要的意义,但是关于碳酸盐关系的系统发育研究却提供了模棱两可的结果。利用附生植物Oikopleura dioica的基因组测序优势,我们组装了来自14个氘代口琴和24个其他缓慢进化物种的146个核基因(33,800个明确比对的氨基酸)的植物统计学数据集。在这里,我们表明,对该数据集进行的系统发育分析提供了令人信服的证据,即被束缚者(而不是头孢类)代表了脊椎动物的近亲。 or酸盐的单眼性仍不确定,因为尽管头孢类具有无统计学意义的支持,但令人惊讶地将其与棘皮动物分组在一起,这一假设需要用其他数据进行检验。这种新的系统发育方案促使人们重新评估形态学数据和古生物学数据,并且对于解释将被膜和头针体用作模型动物的发育和基因组研究具有重要意义。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2006年第7079期|P.965-968|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Departement de Biochimie, Centre Robert-Cedergren, Universite de Montreal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C3J7, Canada.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 基础医学;
  • 关键词

    cephalochordate; g 3; livin; Relative (related person);

    机译:头硼酸盐;g 3;livin;亲戚(相关人);

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