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Counterfactual quantum computation through quantum interrogation.

机译：通过量子询问进行反事实量子计算。

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摘要

The logic underlying the coherent nature of quantum information processing often deviates from intuitive reasoning, leading to surprising effects. Counterfactual computation constitutes a striking example: the potential outcome of a quantum computation can be inferred, even if the computer is not run. Relying on similar arguments to interaction-free measurements (or quantum interrogation), counterfactual computation is accomplished by putting the computer in a superposition of 'running' and 'not running' states, and then interfering the two histories. Conditional on the as-yet-unknown outcome of the computation, it is sometimes possible to counterfactually infer information about the solution. Here we demonstrate counterfactual computation, implementing Grover's search algorithm with an all-optical approach. It was believed that the overall probability of such counterfactual inference is intrinsically limited, so that it could not perform better on average than random guesses. However, using a novel 'chained' version of the quantum Zeno effect, we show how to boost the counterfactual inference probability to unity, thereby beating the random guessing limit. Our methods are general and apply to any physical system, as illustrated by a discussion of trapped-ion systems. Finally, we briefly show that, in certain circumstances, counterfactual computation can eliminate errors induced by decoherence.
机译：量子信息处理的连贯本质所基于的逻辑常常偏离直觉推理，从而导致令人惊讶的效果。反事实计算构成了一个引人注目的示例：即使计算机未运行，也可以推断出量子计算的潜在结果。依靠与无相互作用测量（或量子询问）类似的论据，反事实计算是通过将计算机置于“运行”和“不运行”状态的叠加，然后干扰这两种历史来完成的。视计算结果而定，有时可能会反事实推断出有关解决方案的信息。在这里，我们演示了反事实计算，并使用全光学方法实现了Grover的搜索算法。人们认为，这种反事实推理的总体可能性本质上是有限的，因此它的平均表现不会比随机猜测好。但是，使用量子芝诺效应的新型“链式”版本，我们展示了如何将反事实推理概率提高到统一，从而超越随机猜测极限。我们的方法是通用的，适用于任何物理系统，如对俘获离子系统的讨论所示。最后，我们简要地表明，在某些情况下，反事实计算可以消除由退相干引起的错误。

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