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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Expression profiling in primates reveals a rapid evolution of human transcription factors.
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Expression profiling in primates reveals a rapid evolution of human transcription factors.

机译：在灵长类动物中的表达谱揭示了人类转录因子的快速进化。

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Although it has been hypothesized for thirty years that many human adaptations are likely to be due to changes in gene regulation, almost nothing is known about the modes of natural selection acting on regulation in primates. Here we identify a set of genes for which expression is evolving under natural selection. We use a new multi-species complementary DNA array to compare steady-state messenger RNA levels in liver tissues within and between humans, chimpanzees, orangutans and rhesus macaques. Using estimates from a linear mixed model, we identify a set of genes for which expression levels have remained constant across the entire phylogeny (approximately 70 million years), and are therefore likely to be under stabilizing selection. Among the top candidates are five genes with expression levels that have previously been shown to be altered in liver carcinoma. We also find a number of genes with similar expression levels among non-human primates but significantly elevated or reduced expression in the human lineage, features that point to the action of directional selection. Among the gene set with a human-specific increase in expression, there is an excess of transcription factors; the same is not true for genes with increased expression in chimpanzee.
机译：尽管已经有三十年的假设，人类的许多适应可能是由于基因调控的改变，但关于自然选择模式对灵长类动物调控的作用几乎一无所知。在这里，我们确定了一组在自然选择下其表达正在进化的基因。我们使用一种新的多物种互补DNA阵列来比较人类，黑猩猩，猩猩和恒河猴的肝脏组织内和之间的稳态信使RNA水平。使用线性混合模型的估计值，我们确定了一组基因，这些基因的表达水平在整个系统发育（约7,000万年）中一直保持不变，因此可能处于稳定选择状态。在候选基因中，有五个基因的表达水平先前已显示在肝癌中发生了改变。我们还发现了许多在非人类灵长类动物中表达水平相似但在人类谱系中表达显着升高或降低的基因，这些特征表明了方向选择的作用。在具有人类特异性表达增加的基因组中，转录因子过多。对于在黑猩猩中表达增加的基因，情况并非如此。

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