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A mechanism to thin the continental lithosphere at magma-poor margins.

机译:一种在岩浆贫瘠的边缘使大陆岩石圈变薄的机制。

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摘要

Where continental plates break apart, slip along multiple normal faults provides the required space for the Earth's crust to thin and subside. After initial rifting, however, the displacement on normal faults observed at the sea floor seems not to match the inferred extension. Here we show that crustal thinning can be accomplished in such extensional environments by a system of conjugate concave downward faults instead of multiple normal faults. Our model predicts that these concave faults accumulate large amounts of extension and form a very thin crust (< 10 km) by exhumation of mid-crustal and mantle material. This transitional crust is capped by sub-horizontal detachment surfaces over distances exceeding 100 km with little visible deformation. Our rift model is based on numerical experiments constrained by geological and geophysical observations from the Alpine Tethys and Iberia/Newfoundland margins. Furthermore, we suggest that the observed transition from broadly distributed and symmetric extension to localized and asymmetric rifting is directly controlled by the existence of a strong gabbroic lower crust. The presence of such lower crustal gabbros is well constrained for the Alpine Tethys system. Initial decoupling of upper crustal deformation from lower crustal and mantle deformation by progressive weakening of the middle crust is an essential requirement to reproduce the observed rift evolution. This is achieved in our models by the formation of weak ductile shear zones.
机译:在大陆板块破裂的地方,沿着多个正常断层的滑动为地壳变薄和塌陷提供了所需的空间。然而,最初裂谷后,在海底观察到的正常断层上的位移似乎与推测的延伸不匹配。在这里,我们表明,在这样的伸展环境中,可以通过共轭凹下断层而不是多个正断层来完成地壳薄化。我们的模型预测这些凹断层会积聚大量延伸,并通过挖出中地壳和地幔物质形成非常薄的地壳(<10 km)。过渡地壳被亚水平分离表面覆盖,覆盖距离超过100 km,几乎没有可见变形。我们的裂谷模型是建立在数值实验的基础上的,该实验受来自高山特提斯和伊比利亚/纽芬兰边缘的地质和地球物理观测的约束。此外,我们建议观察到的从广泛分布和对称扩展到局部和非对称裂谷的过渡直接由强辉长岩下地壳的存在来控制。这样的下地壳辉长岩的存在对于高山特提斯系统受到了很好的限制。通过逐渐削弱中地壳,使上地壳变形与下地壳变形和地幔变形初始脱钩,是再现观测到的裂谷演化的基本要求。在我们的模型中,这是通过形成弱的韧性剪切带来实现的。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2006年第7082期|P.324-328|共5页
  • 作者

    Lavier LL; Manatschal G;

  • 作者单位

    University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, Austin, Texas 78759, USA. luc@ig.utexas.edu;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 基础医学;
  • 关键词

    Financially poor; Models; Social detachment; ductile; Materials;

    机译:财务状况不佳;模特儿;社会独立性;延性;材料;

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