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A non-spherical core in the explosion of supernova SN 2004dj.

机译：超新星SN 2004dj爆炸中的非球形核。

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An important and perhaps critical clue to the mechanism driving the explosion of massive stars as supernovae is provided by the accumulating evidence for asymmetry in the explosion. Indirect evidence comes from high pulsar velocities, associations of supernovae with long-soft gamma-ray bursts, and asymmetries in late-time emission-line profiles. Spectropolarimetry provides a direct probe of young supernova geometry, with higher polarization generally indicating a greater departure from spherical symmetry. Large polarizations have been measured for 'stripped-envelope' (that is, type Ic; ref. 7) supernovae, which confirms their non-spherical morphology; but the explosions of massive stars with intact hydrogen envelopes (type II-P supernovae) have shown only weak polarizations at the early times observed. Here we report multi-epoch spectropolarimetry of a classic type II-P supernova that reveals the abrupt appearance of significant polarization when the inner core is first exposed in the thinning ejecta (approximately 90 days after explosion). We infer a departure from spherical symmetry of at least 30 per cent for the inner ejecta. Combined with earlier results, this suggests that a strongly non-spherical explosion may be a generic feature of core-collapse supernovae of all types, where the asphericity in type II-P supernovae is cloaked at early times by the massive, opaque, hydrogen envelope.
机译：爆炸中不对称性的不断积累的证据提供了推动超新星引起大质量恒星爆炸的机制的重要且可能至关重要的线索。间接证据来自高脉冲星速度，超新星与长期软伽马射线爆发的联系以及后期发射线剖面的不对称性。光谱极化法提供了年轻的超新星几何的直接探针，极化度越高，通常表明与球对称性的偏离越大。已经测量了“剥离包络”（即Ic型；参考文献7）超新星的大极化，这证实了它们的非球形形态。但是在观测到的早期，只有完整氢包壳（II-P型超新星）的大质量恒星爆炸才显示出弱极化。在这里，我们报告了经典II-P型超新星的多时相光谱极化法，揭示了当内芯首次暴露于稀薄射流中（爆炸后约90天）时，突然出现了明显的极化现象。我们推断出内射流偏离了至少30％的球对称性。结合较早的结果，这表明强烈的非球形爆炸可能是所有类型核心坍缩超新星的普遍特征，其中II-P型超新星的非球面性在早期被巨大的不透明氢包膜掩盖。

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