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Experimental determination of entanglement with a single measurement.

机译：一次测量即可确定纠缠的实验结果。

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Nearly all protocols requiring shared quantum information--such as quantum teleportation or key distribution--rely on entanglement between distant parties. However, entanglement is difficult to characterize experimentally. All existing techniques for doing so, including entanglement witnesses or Bell inequalities, disclose the entanglement of some quantum states but fail for other states; therefore, they cannot provide satisfactory results in general. Such methods are fundamentally different from entanglement measures that, by definition, quantify the amount of entanglement in any state. However, these measures suffer from the severe disadvantage that they typically are not directly accessible in laboratory experiments. Here we report a linear optics experiment in which we directly observe a pure-state entanglement measure, namely concurrence. Our measurement set-up includes two copies of a quantum state: these 'twin' states are prepared in the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom of two photons, and concurrence is measured with a single, local measurement on just one of the photons.
机译：几乎所有需要共享量子信息的协议（例如，量子隐形传态或密钥分配）都依赖于远方之间的纠缠。但是，缠结很难通过实验表征。这样做的所有现有技术，包括纠缠证人或贝尔不等式，都揭示了某些量子态的纠缠，但对于其他态则失败。因此，它们通常不能提供令人满意的结果。此类方法从根本上与纠缠度不同，纠缠度通过定义可以量化任何状态下的纠缠量。然而，这些措施具有严重的缺点，即它们通常不能在实验室实验中直接获得。在这里，我们报告了一个线性光学实验，在该实验中，我们直接观察了纯状态纠缠度量，即并发。我们的测量设置包括两个量子态副本：这些“孪生”态是在两个光子的极化和动量自由度中准备的，并发性是通过对一个光子的单个局部测量来测量的。

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