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Sympatric speciation in palms on an oceanic island

机译：在一个海洋小岛上的棕榈树上的同胞形态

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The origin of species diversity has challenged biologists for over two centuries. Allopatric speciation, the divergence of species resulting from geographical isolation, is well documented(1). However, sympatric speciation, divergence without geographical isolation, is highly controversial(2). Claims of sympatric speciation must demonstrate species sympatry, sister relationships, reproductive isolation, and that an earlier allopatric phase is highly unlikely(1). Here we provide clear support for sympatric speciation in a case study of two species of palm ( Arecaceae) on an oceanic island. A large dated phylogenetic tree shows that the two species of Howea, endemic to the remote Lord Howe Island, are sister taxa and diverged from each other well after the island was formed 6.9 million years ago(3). During fieldwork, we found a substantial disjunction in flowering time that is correlated with soil preference. In addition, a genome scan(4,5) indicates that few genetic loci are more divergent between the two species than expected under neutrality, a finding consistent with models of sympatric speciation involving disruptive/ divergent selection(2). This case study of sympatric speciation in plants provides an opportunity for refining theoretical models on the origin of species, and new impetus for exploring putative plant and animal examples on oceanic islands.
机译：物种多样性的起源已经挑战了生物学家两个多世纪。异域物种形成是由于地理隔离而造成的物种差异，已有充分文献记载（1）。然而，同胞形态，没有地理隔离的分歧，是极富争议的（2）。对同胞物种形成的主张必须证明物种共生，姐妹关系，生殖隔离，而且较早的同种异体阶段极不可能（1）。在此，我们以海洋岛屿上两种棕榈（槟榔科）的案例研究为同胞物种形成提供了明确的支持。一棵大的年代久远的系统发育树表明，在偏远的豪勋爵岛（Lord Howe Island）特有的Howea的两个物种是姊妹类群，并且在该岛形成690万年前形成后就彼此分开（3）。在田间调查中，我们发现开花时间与土壤偏好相关。此外，基因组扫描（4,5）表明，在中性条件下，两个物种之间很少有遗传位点比预期的有更大的发散性，这一发现与涉及破坏性/发散选择的同胞形态形成模型相符（2）。该植物同胞异种形成的案例研究为完善有关物种起源的理论模型提供了机会，也为探索假定的动植物物种在海洋岛屿上提供了新的动力。

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