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Discovery of a 25-cm asteroid clast in the giant Morokweng impact crater, South Africa

机译:在南非巨大的莫罗克恩撞击坑中发现25厘米小行星碎屑

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Meteorites provide a sample of Solar System bodies and so constrain the types of objects that have collided with Earth over time. Meteorites analysed to date, however, are unlikely to be representative of the entire population and it is also possible that changes in their nature have occurred with time(1). Large objects are widely believed to be completely melted or vaporized during high-angle impact with the Earth(2,3). Consequently, identification of large impactors relies on indirect chemical tracers, notably the platinum-group elements(4). Here we report the discovery of a large (25-cm), unaltered, fossil meteorite, and several smaller fragments within the impact melt of the giant (> 70 km diameter), 145-Myr-old Morokweng crater, South Africa. The large fragment ( clast) resembles an LL6 chondrite breccia, but contains anomalously iron-rich silicates, Fe-Ni sulphides, and no troilite or metal. It has chondritic chromium isotope ratios and identical platinum-group element ratios to the bulk impact melt. These features allow the unambiguous characterization of an impactor at a large crater. Furthermore, the unusual composition of the meteorite suggests that the Morokweng asteroid incorporated part of the LL chondrite parent body not represented by objects at present reaching the Earth.
机译:陨石提供了太阳系物体的样本,因此可以限制随着时间推移与地球碰撞的物体的类型。然而,迄今为止分析的陨石不太可能代表整个种群,而且其性质也可能随时间发生变化(1)。人们普遍认为,大物体在与地球成高角度撞击时会完全融化或蒸发(2,3)。因此,大型撞击物的鉴定依赖于间接化学示踪剂,特别是铂族元素(4)。在这里,我们报告发现在一个巨大的撞击陨石中发现了一个大的(25厘米),未变的陨石,还有一些较小的碎片(直径大于70公里),位于南非,具有145年历史的Morokweng陨石坑。大碎片(碎屑)类似于LL6球状角砾岩角砾岩,但异常含有富铁的硅酸盐,Fe-Ni硫化物,并且没有三叶石或金属。它对整体冲击熔体具有软骨态铬同位素比和相同的铂族元素比。这些特征允许在大的陨石坑中清楚地表征撞击器。此外,陨石的异常组成表明,Morokweng小行星并入了LL球状陨石母体的一部分,目前还没有物体到达地球。

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