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Horizontal endosymbiont transmission in hydrothermal vent tubeworms

机译：热液喷发tube虫内共生体的水平传播

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摘要

Transmission of obligate bacterial symbionts between generations is vital for the survival of the host. Although the larvae of certain hydrothermal vent tubeworms (Vestimentifera, Siboglinidae) are symbiont-free and possess a transient digestive system, these structures are lost during development, resulting in adult animals that are nutritionally dependent on their bacterial symbionts. Thus, each generation of tubeworms must be newly colonized with its specific symbiont(1,2). Here we present a model for tubeworm symbiont acquisition and the development of the symbiont-housing organ, the trophosome. Our data indicate that the bacterial symbionts colonize the developing tube of the settled larvae and enter the host through the skin, a process that continues through the early juvenile stages during which the trophosome is established from mesodermal tissue. In later juvenile stages we observed massive apoptosis of host epidermis, muscles and undifferentiated mesodermal tissue, which was coincident with the cessation of the colonization process. Characterizing the symbiont transmission process in this finely tuned mutualistic symbiosis provides another model of symbiont acquisition and additional insights into underlying mechanisms common to both pathogenic infections and beneficial host - symbiont interactions.
机译：代代相传的专性细菌共生体对于宿主的生存至关重要。尽管某些热液喷发tube虫（Vestimentifera，Siboglinidae）的幼虫是无共生体的，并具有短暂的消化系统，但这些结构在发育过程中会丢失，从而导致成年动物的营养依赖于它们的细菌共生体。因此，每一代结核虫都必须以其特定的共生体重新定殖（1,2）。在这里，我们提出了一种用于结核虫共生体获取和共生体寄养器官即滋养体发育的模型。我们的数据表明细菌共生菌定居在幼虫的发育管中，并通过皮肤进入宿主，这一过程一直持续到幼年早期，在该阶段中胚层由中胚层组织建立。在青少年后期，我们观察到宿主表皮，肌肉和未分化的中胚层组织大量凋亡，这与定殖过程的停止相吻合。在这种微调的共生共生中表征共生体传播过程，提供了共生体获取的另一种模型，并提供了对致病性感染和有益的宿主-共生体相互作用共同的潜在机制的更多见解。

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