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The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean

机译：北冰洋的新生代古环境

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摘要

The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era ( 0 - 65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from >400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm 'greenhouse' world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder 'icehouse' world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent similar to 14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1 - 2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (similar to 3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (similar to 14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (similar to 45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at,49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (similar to 55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change.
机译：直接证据在很大程度上不知道新生代（0-65百万年前）的北冰洋历史。在这里，我们展示了从最近一次北冰洋罗蒙诺索夫海岭的一次钻探远征中沉积岩心> 400 m所构造的新生代古海洋学记录。我们的记录显示，古环境从温暖的“温室”世界过渡到古新世晚期和始新世时期，再到受始新世中期到现在的海冰和冰山影响的寒冷“温室”世界。对于最新的类似于14 Myr的卫星，我们发现每千年1-2 cm的沉积速率，与早期研究中提出的更低的沉积速率形成鲜明对比。新近纪的这一记录揭示了北极的冷却与格陵兰冰（类似于3.2 Myr以前）和南极东冰（类似于14 Myr之前）的膨胀是同步的。我们发现证据表明，始新世中期（类似于45 Myr）首次出现了浮冰碎片，比以前认为的早了35 Myr。在Myr漂流残骸发作之前的49迈尔，出现了新鲜的地表水。同样，在古新世/始新世热最大值（类似于55 Myr以前）期间的地表水温度似乎比以前估计的温度要高。最早的北极降温事件的修订时间与南极洲的降温时间一致，从而支持了气候变化中双极对称的观点。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2006年第7093期|p. 601-605|共5页
  • 作者

    Moran K; Backman J; Brinkhuis H; Clemens SC; Cronin T; Dickens GR; Eynaud F; Gattacceca J; Jakobsson M; Jordan RW;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA;

    Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA;

    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;

    Univ Utrecht, Dept Biol, Palaeobot & Palynol Lab, NL-3584 DC Utrecht, Netherlands;

    Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA;

    US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA;

    Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA;

    Univ Bordeaux, Dept Geol & Oceanog, F-33405 Talence, France;

    CNRS, CEREGE, Dept Geophys, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France;

    Yamagata Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Yamagata 9908560, Japan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

    THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SEDIMENTATION-RATES; THERMAL MAXIMUM; GLACIATION; PACIFIC; CALCITE; BASIN;

    机译：茶碱循环;沉降速率;最大热量;冰川作用;太平洋;钙盐;盆地;

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