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Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal cortex

机译:丘脑对额叶皮层空间视觉处理的影响

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Each of our movements activates our own sensory receptors, and therefore keeping track of self- movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self- movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands(1 - 13). This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite our frequent quick, or saccadic, eye movements: corollary discharge about each saccade would permit the visual system to ignore saccade- induced visual changes(6 - 9). The critical missing link has been the connection between corollary discharge and visual processing. Here we show that such a link is formed by a corollary discharge from the thalamus that targets the frontal cortex. In the thalamus, neurons in the mediodorsal nucleus relay a corollary discharge of saccades from the midbrain superior colliculus to the cortical frontal eye field(10 - 12). In the frontal eye field, neurons use corollary discharge to shift their visual receptive fields spatially before saccades(14,15). We tested the hypothesis that these two components - a pathway for corollary discharge and neurons with shifting receptive fields - form a circuit in which the corollary discharge drives the shift. First we showed that the known spatial and temporal properties of the corollary discharge predict the dynamic changes in spatial visual processing of cortical neurons when saccades are made. Then we moved from this correlation to causation by isolating single cortical neurons and showing that their spatial visual processing is impaired when corollary discharge from the thalamus is interrupted. Thus the visual processing of frontal neurons is spatiotemporally matched with, and functionally dependent on, corollary discharge input from the thalamus. These experiments establish the first link between corollary discharge and visual processing, delineate a brain circuit that is well suited for mediating visual stability, and provide a framework for studying corollary discharge in other sensory systems.
机译:我们的每个动作都会激活我们自己的感觉感受器,因此,跟踪自我运动是分析感觉输入的必要部分。大脑跟踪自我运动的一种方法是监视运动命令的内部复制或推论放电(1-13)。这个概念可以解释为什么尽管我们频繁地快速或眼球运动,但我们仍能感觉到稳定的视觉世界:每个扫视镜的必然放电将使视觉系统忽略视镜诱发的视觉变化(6-9)。关键的缺失环节一直是推论放电和视觉处理之间的联系。在这里,我们表明这种连接是由丘脑的额叶放电形成的,该丘脑以额叶皮层为目标。在丘脑中,中嗅核的神经元将扫视的必然放电从中脑上丘到皮质额叶视场(10-12)。在额眼视野中,神经元利用推论放电在扫视之前在空间上改变其视觉感受力(14,15)。我们检验了以下假设:这两个分量-推论放电的路径和具有变化的感受力场的神经元-形成了一个电路,其中推论放电推动了这一变化。首先,我们表明,当进行扫视运动时,推论放电的已知时空特性可以预测皮质神经元空间视觉处理的动态变化。然后,我们通过隔离单个皮层神经元而从这种相关性转移到因果关系,结果表明,当丘脑的合生放电被中断时,它们的空间视觉处理受到损害。因此,额神经元的视觉处理在时空上与丘脑的推论输入相匹配,并在功能上取决于其输入。这些实验建立了推论放电和视觉处理之间的第一个联系,描绘了一个非常适合介导视觉稳定性的大脑回路,并为研究其他感觉系统中的推论放电提供了框架。

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