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Flushing submarine canyons

机译：冲洗海底峡谷

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摘要

The continental slope is a steep, narrow fringe separating the coastal zone from the deep ocean. During low sea- level stands, slides and dense, sediment- laden flows erode the outer continental shelf and the continental slope, leading to the formation of submarine canyons that funnel large volumes of sediment and organic matter from shallow regions to the deep ocean (1). During high sea-level stands, such as at present, these canyons still experience occasional sediment gravity flows(2 - 5), which are usually thought to be triggered by sediment failure or river flooding. Here we present observations from a submarine canyon on the Gulf of Lions margin, in the northwest Mediterranean Sea, that demonstrate that these flows can also be triggered by dense shelf water cascading ( DSWC) - a type of current that is driven solely by seawater density contrast. Our results show that DSWC can transport large amounts of water and sediment, reshape submarine canyon floors and rapidly affect the deep- sea environment. This cascading is seasonal, resulting from the formation of dense water by cooling and/ or evaporation, and occurs on both high- and low- latitude continental margins(6 - 8). DSWC may therefore transport large amounts of sediment and organic matter to the deep ocean. Furthermore, changes in the frequency and intensity of DSWC driven by future climate change may have a significant impact on the supply of organic matter to deep- sea ecosystems and on the amount of carbon stored on continental margins and in ocean basins.
机译：大陆坡是一个陡峭而狭窄的边缘，将沿海地区与深海隔开。在海平面低位期间，滑坡和密集的，充满泥沙的水流侵蚀了外大陆架和大陆坡，导致形成了海底峡谷，这些海底峡谷将大量的沉积物和有机物从浅水区输送到了深海（1 ）。在目前这样的高海平面看台上，这些峡谷仍然会遇到偶然的泥沙重力流（2-5），通常认为这是由泥沙破坏或河流洪水触发的。在这里，我们展示了来自西北地中海狮子湾边缘海底峡谷的观测结果，这些观测结果也表明，密集的层架级联（DSWC）也可以触发这些水流-一种直接由海水密度驱动的水流对比。我们的结果表明，DSWC可以输送大量的水和沉积物，重塑海底峡谷底板，并迅速影响深海环境。这种级联是季节性的，是由于冷却和/或蒸发形成稠密的水而引起的，并发生在高纬度和低纬度的大陆边缘（6-8）。因此，DSWC可能会将大量的沉积物和有机物输送到深海。此外，由未来的气候变化驱动的DSWC频率和强度的变化可能对深海生态系统的有机物供应以及大陆边缘和海盆中储存的碳量产生重大影响。

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