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Variability and memory of protein levels in human cells

机译:人细胞中蛋白质水平的变异性和记忆力

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Protein expression is a stochastic process that leads to phenotypic variation among cells(1-6). The cell - cell distribution of protein levels in microorganisms has been well characterized(7-23) but little is known about such variability in human cells. Here, we studied the variability of protein levels in human cells, as well as the temporal dynamics of this variability, and addressed whether cells with higher than average protein levels eventually have lower than average levels, and if so, over what timescale does this mixing occur. We measured fluctuations over time in the levels of 20 endogenous proteins in living human cells, tagged by the gene for yellow fluorescent protein at their chromosomal loci(24). We found variability with a standard deviation that ranged, for different proteins, from about 15% to 30% of the mean. Mixing between high and low levels occurred for all proteins, but the mixing time was longer than two cell generations ( more than 40 h) for many proteins. We also tagged pairs of proteins with two colours, and found that the levels of proteins in the same biological pathway were far more correlated than those of proteins in different pathways. The persistent memory for protein levels that we found might underlie individuality in cell behaviour and could set a timescale needed for signals to affect fully every member of a cell population.
机译:蛋白表达是一个随机过程,会导致细胞之间的表型变异(1-6)。微生物中蛋白质水平的细胞-细胞分布已得到很好的表征(7-23),但对于人细胞中的这种变异性知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了人类细胞中蛋白质水平的变异性以及这种变异性的时间动态,并探讨了蛋白质水平高于平均水平的细胞最终是否会低于平均水平,如果存在,那么这种混合在什么时间范围内进行?发生。我们测量了活的人类细胞中20种内源性蛋白质水平随时间的波动,并在其染色体基因座处标记了黄色荧光蛋白的基因(24)。我们发现,对于不同的蛋白质,标准差的变化范围为平均值的15%到30%。所有蛋白质都发生了高水平和低水平的混合,但是许多蛋白质的混合时间要长于两个细胞世代(超过40小时)。我们还用两种颜色标记了成对的蛋白质,发现同一生物学途径中蛋白质的水平比不同途径中蛋白质的水平相关性更高。我们发现蛋白质水平的持久记忆可能是细胞行为个性的基础,并且可以设定信号充分影响细胞群每个成员所需的时间尺度。

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