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Gene flow maintains a large genetic difference in clutch size at a small spatial scale

机译:基因流在很小的空间尺度上保持着离合器大小的巨大遗传差异

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摘要

Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Good empirical data are rare. Using data on a spatially structured island population of great tits (Parus major), we show here that a persistent difference in mean clutch size between two subpopulations only a few kilometres apart has a major genetic component. We also show that immigrants from outside the island carry genes for large clutches. But gene flow into one subpopulation is low, as a result of a low immigration rate together with strong selection against immigrant genes. This has allowed for adaptation to the island environment and the maintenance of small clutches. In the other area, however, higher gene flow prevents local adaptation and maintains larger clutches. We show that the observed small-scale genetic difference in clutch size is not due to divergent selection on the island, but to different levels of gene flow from outside the island. Our findings illustrate the large effect of immigration on the evolution of local adaptations and on genetic population structure.
机译:了解自然种群适应当地环境的能力是进化生物学的中心课题。群体之间的表型差异可能具有遗传基础,但要表明它们反映了不同的适应性最佳,则需要对基因流和选择进行量化。好的经验数据很少。使用关于大山雀(大山雀)的空间结构化的岛屿种群的数据,我们在这里显示,相距仅几公里的两个亚种群之间的平均离合大小的持续差异具有主要的遗传成分。我们还表明,来自岛外的移民携带着大型离合器的基因。但是,由于较低的移民率以及对移民基因的强烈选择,导致流入一个亚群的基因的数量很低。这样就可以适应岛上的环境并维护小型离合器。然而,在其他地区,较高的基因流量阻止了局部适应并维持了较大的离合器。我们表明观察到的小规模的遗传差异在离合器大小不是由于在岛上的选择不同,而是由于从岛外的基因流的不同水平。我们的发现说明了移民对当地适应进化和遗传种群结构的巨大影响。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7021期|p.65-68|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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