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The receptors and coding logic for bitter taste

机译：苦味的受体和编码逻辑

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摘要

The sense of taste provides animals with valuable information about the nature and quality of food. Bitter taste detection functions as an important sensory input to warn against the ingestion of toxic and noxious substances. T2Rs are a family of approximately 30 highly divergent G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)(1,2) that are selectively expressed in the tongue and palate epithelium(1) and are implicated in bitter taste sensing(1-8). Here we demonstrate, using a combination of genetic, behavioural and physiological studies, that T2R receptors are necessary and sufficient for the detection and perception of bitter compounds, and show that differences in T2Rs between species ( human and mouse) can determine the selectivity of bitter taste responses. In addition, we show that mice engineered to express a bitter taste receptor in 'sweet cells'(9) become strongly attracted to its cognate bitter tastants, whereas expression of the same receptor ( or even a novel GPCR) in T2R-expressing cells resulted in mice that are averse to the respective compounds. Together these results illustrate the fundamental principle of bitter taste coding at the periphery: dedicated cells act as broadly tuned bitter sensors that are wired to mediate behavioural aversion.
机译：味觉为动物提供了有关食物性质和质量的宝贵信息。苦味检测功能可作为重要的感官输入信号，警告摄入有毒和有害物质。 T2Rs是大约30个高度趋异的G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）（1,2）的家族，它们在舌头和pa上皮中选择性表达（1），并与苦味感测有关（1-8）。在这里，我们结合遗传，行为和生理学研究证明，T2R受体对于检测和感知苦味化合物是必要和充分的，并且表明，物种（人和小鼠）之间的T2Rs差异可以决定苦味的选择性。味觉反应。此外，我们发现工程改造为在“甜细胞”中表达苦味受体的小鼠（9）强烈吸引了其同源苦味剂，而在表达T2R的细胞中表达了相同的受体（甚至是新型的GPCR）在与相应化合物相反的小鼠中。这些结果共同说明了在外围进行苦味编码的基本原理：专用细胞充当了广泛调谐的苦味传感器，它们被连接起来以调解行为厌恶行为。

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