The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth's atmosphere

Murray BJ; Knopf DA; Bertram AK

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The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth's atmosphere

机译：在与地球大气有关的条件下形成立方冰

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An important mechanism for ice cloud formation in the Earth's atmosphere is homogeneous nucleation of ice in aqueous droplets, and this process is generally assumed to produce hexagonal ice(1,2). However, there are some reports that the metastable crystalline phase of ice, cubic ice, may form in the Earth's atmosphere(3-5). Here we present laboratory experiments demonstrating that cubic ice forms when micrometre-sized droplets of pure water and aqueous solutions freeze homogeneously at cooling rates approaching those found in the atmosphere. We find that the formation of cubic ice is dominant when droplets freeze at temperatures below 190 K, which is in the temperature range relevant for polar stratospheric clouds and clouds in the tropical tropopause region. These results, together with heat transfer calculations, suggest that cubic ice will form in the Earth's atmosphere. If there were a significant fraction of cubic ice in some cold clouds this could increase their water vapour pressure, and modify their microphysics and ice particle size distributions(5). Under specific conditions this may lead to enhanced dehydration of the tropopause region(5).

机译：在地球大气中形成冰云的一个重要机制是水滴中冰的均匀成核作用，一般认为该过程会产生六角形冰（1,2）。但是，有报道说，地球大气中可能会形成亚稳冰晶相，即立方冰（3-5）。在这里，我们目前的实验室实验表明，当微米级大小的纯净水和水溶液液滴以接近大气中的冷却速率均匀冷冻时，就会形成立方冰。我们发现，当液滴在低于190 K的温度下冻结时，立方冰的形成占主导地位，该温度在与平流层极地云和热带对流层顶区域的云有关的温度范围内。这些结果以及传热计算表明，立方冰将在地球大气中形成。如果在一些冷云中有大量的立方冰，这可能会增加它们的水蒸气压力，并改变其微物理学和冰的粒径分布（5）。在特定条件下，这可能导致对流层顶区域的脱水作用增强（5）。

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来源
《Nature》 |2005年第7030期|p. 202-205|共4页
作者
Murray BJ; Knopf DA; Bertram AK;
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作者单位

Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LIQUID WATER; NUCLEATION; CLOUDS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROPHYSICS; CHEMISTRY; HALO;

机译：X射线衍射;相变;液体水;形核;云;结晶;微物理;化学;光晕;

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机译：晕轮观测提供了地球大气中空中立方冰块的证据
2. Altitude and formation conditions of noctilucent clouds in the Earth atmosphere [J] . Apfelbaum EM, Trigger SA, van Heijst GJF, Physics Letters, A . 2009,第7期

机译：地球大气中夜光云的高度和形成条件
3. SATELLITE WILL MEASURE CONDITIONS OF EARTH'S OCEANS, LAND, ICE AND ATMOSPHERE [J] . The Environment Magazine Group The Environment Magazine . 2016,第Apra期

机译：卫星将测量地球的海洋，土地，冰和大气的状况
4. Spectral reference data of molecules relevant to Earth's atmosphere: Impact of European metrology research on atmospheric remote sensing [C] . O. Werhahn, A. Pogany, J. Nwaboh, Remote sensing of clouds and the atmosphere XVIII ; and Optics in tmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVI . 2013

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5. A Stepwise Approach to Understanding Nanomaterial Transformations Under Situationally Relevant Conditions [D] . Mulenos George, Marina Rochelle. 2021

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6. Dynamical stability of body center cubic iron at the Earth’s core conditions [O] . Wei Luo, Börje Johansson, Olle Eriksson, 2010

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7. XX XIII. “A Geometrical Interpretation of the first two Periods of Chemical Elements following Hydrogen, showing the Relations of the fourteen Elements to each other and to Hydrogen by means of a Right Line and Cubic Curve with one real Asymptote.” ,XXXIV. “On the Force with which the two Layers of the healthy Pleu ra cohere.”, XXXV. “To ta l Eclipse of the Sun observed a t the Caroline Islands on May 6, 1883.”, XXXVI. “Note on Mr. Davison's Paper on the Straining of the Earth's Crust in Cooling.”, XXXVII. “A further minute Analysis, by Electric Stimulation, of the so-called Motor Region of the Cortex Cerebri in the Monkey (Macacus sinicus).”, XXXVIII. “On the present Position of the Question of the Sources of the Nitrogen of Vegetation, with some new Results, and preliminary Notice of new Lines of Investigation.” XXXIX. “On Diameters of Plane. Cubics.” List of publications Deferred [O] . 1887

机译：xx xiii。 “氢后前两个化学元素的几何解释，通过右线和立方曲线显示十四元素彼此彼此的关系和一个真实的渐近的关系。” ，xxxiv。 “关于健康Pleu Ra的两层的力。”，XXXV。 “到了太阳的e eclipse观察了1883年5月6日的卡罗琳群岛。”，xxxvi。 “关于Davison先生的纸张关于地球的紧张地壳紧张的纸张的注意事项。”，XXXVII。 “通过猴子（猕猴属SINICUS）的皮质脑电图的所谓电机区域的所谓电机区域的进一步分析。”，XXXVIII。 “关于植被氮源来源的现状，具有一些新的结果，以及新调查线的初步通知。” xxxix。 “直径的飞机。立方体。“出版物清单推迟

The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth's atmosphere

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