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The artist as neuroscientist

机译:作为神经科学家的艺术家

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摘要

Although we rarely confuse a painting for the scene it presents, we are often taken in by the vividness of the lighting and the three-dimensional (3D) layout it captures. This is not surprising for a photorealistic painting, but even very abstract paintings can convey a striking sense of space and light, despite remarkable deviations from realism. The rules of physics that apply in a real scene are optional in a painting; they can be obeyed or ignored at the discretion of the artist to further the painting's intended effect. Some deviations, such as Picasso's skewed faces or the wildly coloured shadows in the works of Matisse and other Impressionists of the Fauvist school, are meant to be noticed as part of the style and message of the painting. There is, however, an 'alternative physics' operating in many paintings that few of us ever notice but which is just as improbable. These transgressions of standard physics — impossible shadows, colours, reflections or contours— often pass unnoticed by the viewer and do not interfere with the viewer's understanding of the scene. This is what makes them discoveries of neuroscience. Because we do not notice them, they reveal that our visual brain uses a simpler, reduced physics to understand the world. Artists use this alternative physics because these particular deviations from true physics do not matter to the viewer: the artist can take shortcuts, presenting cues more economically, and arranging surfaces and lights to suit the message of the piece rather than the requirements of the physical world.
机译:尽管我们很少将绘画与呈现的场景混淆,但我们经常被灯光的生动性和捕捉的三维(3D)布局所吸引。对于照片般逼真的绘画来说,这并不奇怪,但是即使与非常抽象的绘画也可以传达出惊人的空间感和光线感,尽管与现实主义存在显着差异。适用于真实场景的物理规则在绘画中是可选的;根据艺术家的判断,可以遵循或忽略它们,以增强绘画的预期效果。某些偏差,例如毕加索的歪斜面孔或马蒂斯和野兽派其他印象派画家的作品中色彩鲜艳的阴影,应被注意作为这幅画的风格和信息的一部分。但是,在许多绘画中都存在一种“替代物理学”,我们很少有人注意到,但这是不可能的。这些标准物理学的违规行为-不可能的阴影,颜色,反射或轮廓-通常不会被观看者注意到,并且不会干扰观看者对场景的理解。这就是使他们发现神经科学的原因。因为我们没有注意到它们,所以它们表明我们的视觉大脑使用了一种更简单,简化的物理学来理解世界。艺术家使用这种替代物理方法是因为与实际物理方法的这些特定偏离对观看者而言并不重要:艺术家可以采取捷径,更经济地展示线索,并根据物体的信息而不是现实世界的要求来布置表面和灯光。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7031期|p.301-307|共7页
  • 作者

    Patrick Cavanagh;

  • 作者单位

    Vision Sciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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