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Lophenteropneust' hypothesis refuted by collection and photos of new deep-sea hemichordates

机译：Lophenteropneust的假设被新的深海半酸盐的收集和照片所反驳

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摘要

The deep ocean is home to a group of broad-collared hemichordates - the so-called 'lophenteropneusts' - that have been photographed gliding on the sea floor(1-8) but have not previously been collected. It has been claimed that these worms have collar tentacles and blend morphological features of the two main hemichordate body plans, namely the tentacle-less enteropneusts and the tentacle-bearing pterobranchs. Consequently, lophenteropneusts have been invoked as missing links to suggest that the former evolved into the latter(5). The most significant aspect of the lophenteropneust hypothesis is its prediction that the fundamental body plan within a basal phylum of deuterostomes was enteropneust-like. The assumption of such an ancestral state influences ideas about the evolution of the vertebrates from the invertebrates(9-14). Here we report on the first collected specimen of a broad-collared, deep-sea enteropneust and describe it as a new family, genus and species. The collar, although disproportionately broad, lacks tentacles. In addition, we find no evidence of tentacles in the available deep-sea photographs ( published and unpublished) of broad-collared enteropneusts, including those formerly designated as lophenteropneusts. Thus, the lophenteropneust hypothesis was based on misinterpretation of deep-sea photographs of low quality and should no longer be used to support the idea that the enteropneust body plan is basal within the phylum Hemichordata.
机译：深海是一群宽领的半酸盐的栖息地，也就是所谓的“ lophenteropneusts”，它们被拍到在海底滑行（1-8），但以前从未被收集过。据称，这些蠕虫具有领触角，并且融合了两种主要半球形人体计划的形态特征，即无触手的肠鼻肌和带有触手的蝶形支。因此，龙凤眼被称为缺失环节，表明前者演变成后者（5）。蝶鼻假说的最重要方面是它的预测，即氘吻口基部门内的基本身体计划是肠腔样的。这种祖先状态的假设影响了脊椎动物从无脊椎动物进化的想法（9-14）。在这里，我们报道了第一份收集的广领，深海肠杆菌标本，并将其描述为一个新的科，属和种。衣领虽然不成比例地宽，但没有触角。此外，我们在宽颈肠管的可用深海照片（已发表和未发表）中，包括以前指定为虹膜鼻孔的照片中，没有发现触手的迹象。因此，龙脑脊肉假说是基于对低质量深海照片的误解，因此不应再用于支持肠球体计划是基于血统门的观念。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7031期|p. 374-376|共3页
  • 作者

    Holland ND; Clague DA; Gordon DP; Gebruk A; Pawson DL; Vecchione M;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

    PACIFIC;

    机译：太平洋地区;

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