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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Cortical growth marks reveal extended juvenile development in New Zealand moa
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Cortical growth marks reveal extended juvenile development in New Zealand moa

机译：皮质生长标记显示新西兰moa的青少年发育延长

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摘要

Cyclical growth marks in cortical bone, deposited before attainment of adult body size, reflect osteogenetic changes caused by annual rhythms and are a general phenomenon in non-avian ectothermic and endothermic tetrapods(1). However, the growth periods of ornithurines (the theropod group including all modern birds) are usually apomorphically shortened to less than a year(2,3), so annual growth marks are almost unknown in this group(4-6). Here we show that cortical growth marks are frequent in long bones of New Zealand's moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes), a recently extinct ratite order. Moa showed the exaggerated K-selected life-history strategy formerly common in the New Zealand avifauna, and in some instances took almost a decade to attain skeletal maturity. This indicates that reproductive maturity in moa was extremely delayed relative to all extant birds. The two presently recognized moa families (Dinornithidae and Emeidae) also showed different postnatal growth rates, which were associated with their relative differences in body size. Both species of giant Dinornis moa attained their massive stature (up to 240 kg live mass) by accelerating their juvenile growth rate compared to the smaller emeid moa species, rather than by extending the skeletal growth period.
机译：皮质骨中的循环生长标记沉积在成年个体的体形之前，反映了由年度节律引起的成骨变化，是非禽类吸热和吸热四足动物的普遍现象（1）。但是，鸟尿素（兽脚类动物群，包括所有现代鸟类）的生长期通常被仿形缩短至不到一年（2,3），因此该组中的年增长标记几乎是未知的（4-6）。在这里，我们显示出皮质的生长痕迹经常出现在新西兰莫阿（长者近亲灭绝的秩序）的长骨中（Aves：Dinornithiformes）。 Moa展示了夸大的K选择生命历史策略，该策略以前在新西兰航空动物中很常见，在某些情况下，要花近十年的时间才能达到骨骼成熟。这表明相对于所有现存的鸟类，moa的生殖成熟被极大地延迟了。目前公认的两个Moa家族（Dinornithidae和Emeidae）也显示出不同的产后生长速率，这与它们相对的体型差异有关。与较小的阿米德莫阿类相比，这两种巨型狄诺尼斯莫阿类物种均通过加快其幼体生长速度而不是通过延长骨骼生长期而达到了巨大的身高（高达240公斤活体质量）。

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