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A dark jet dominates the power output of the stellar black hole Cygnus X-1

机译:暗流控制着恒星黑洞天鹅座X-1的功率输出

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Black holes undergoing accretion are thought to emit the bulk of their power in the X-ray band by releasing the gravitational potential energy of the infalling matter(1). At the same time, they are capable of producing highly collimated jets of energy and particles flowing out of the system with relativistic velocities(2). Here we show that the 10-solar-mass (10 M-.) black hole in the X-ray binary Cygnus X-1 (refs 3 - 5) is surrounded by a large-scale (similar to 5 pc in diameter) ring-like structure that appears to be inflated by the inner radio jet(6). We estimate that in order to sustain the observed emission of the ring, the jet of Cygnus X-1 has to carry a kinetic power that can be as high as the bolometric X-ray luminosity of the binary system. This result may imply that low-luminosity stellar-mass black holes as a whole dissipate the bulk of the liberated accretion power in the form of 'dark', radiatively inefficient relativistic outflows, rather than locally in the X-ray-emitting inflow.
机译:被吸收的黑洞被认为是通过释放下落物质的重力势能而在X射线带中释放出大部分能量的(1)。同时,它们能够以相对论的速度产生高度准直的能量和粒子射流(2)。在这里,我们显示了X射线二元天鹅座X-1(参考3-5)的10太阳能质量(10 M.)黑洞被一个大尺寸(直径近似于5 pc)的环包围似乎由内部射流膨胀的类似结构(6)。我们估计,为了维持观察到的环发射,天鹅座X-1的射流必须具有动能,该动能可以高达二元系统的辐射X射线发光度。该结果可能意味着低发光度的恒星质量黑洞总体上以“暗”(辐射效率低的相对论外流)的形式而不是局部地散布在X射线发射流中,从而散发了大部分释放的增生力。

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