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An unexpectedly rapid decline in the X-ray afterglow emission of long gamma-ray bursts

机译:长时间伽玛射线爆发的X射线余辉发射出乎意料地迅速下降

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'Long' gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are commonly accepted to originate in the explosion of particularly massive stars, which give rise to highly relativistic jets. Inhomogeneities in the expanding flow result in internal shock waves that are believed to produce the gamma-rays we see(1,2). As the jet travels further outward into the surrounding circumstellar medium, 'external' shocks create the afterglow emission seen in the X-ray, optical and radio bands(1,2). Here we report observations of the early phases of the X-ray emission of five GRBs. Their X-ray light curves are characterised by a surprisingly rapid fall-off for the first few hundred seconds, followed by a less rapid decline lasting several hours. This steep decline, together with detailed spectral properties of two particular bursts, shows that violent shock interactions take place in the early jet outflows.
机译:人们普遍认为,“长”伽马射线爆发(GRB)起源于特别巨大的恒星的爆炸,这引起了高度相对论性的射流。膨胀流的不均匀性导致内部激波,据信会产生我们看到的伽马射线(1,2)。随着射流进一步向外传播到周围的星际介质中,在X射线,光学和无线电波段中,``外部''冲击会产生余辉发射(1,2)。在这里,我们报告了五个GRB的X射线发射早期阶段的观察结果。他们的X射线光曲线的特征是,在最初的几百秒内出现了令人惊讶的快速下降,然后持续了几个小时,但下降速度却不那么快。这种急剧下降,加上两个特定爆发的详细光谱特性,表明在早期的射流流出中发生了剧烈的冲击相互作用。

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