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Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce bacterial biofilm formation

机译:氨基糖苷类抗生素诱导细菌生物膜形成

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Biofilms are adherent aggregates of bacterial cells that form on biotic and abiotic surfaces, including human tissues. Biofilms resist antibiotic treatment and contribute to bacterial persistence in chronic infections(1,2). Hence, the elucidation of the mechanisms by which biofilms are formed may assist in the treatment of chronic infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis(2). Here we show that subinhibitory concentrations of aminoglycoside antibiotics induce biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In P. aeruginosa, a gene, which we designated aminoglycoside response regulator (arr), was essential for this induction and contributed to biofilm-specific aminoglycoside resistance. The arr gene is predicted to encode an inner-membrane phosphodiesterase whose substrate is cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) - a bacterial second messenger that regulates cell surface adhesiveness(3). We found that membranes from arr mutants had diminished c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity, and P. aeruginosa cells with a mutation changing a predicted catalytic residue of Arr were defective in their biofilm response to tobramycin. Furthermore, tobramycin-inducible biofilm formation was inhibited by exogenous GTP, which is known to inhibit c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity(4). Our results demonstrate that biofilm formation can be a specific, defensive reaction to the presence of antibiotics, and indicate that the molecular basis of this response includes alterations in the level of c-di-GMP.
机译:生物膜是在生物和非生物表面(包括人体组织)上形成的细菌细胞的粘附聚集体。生物膜可以抵抗抗生素的治疗,并有助于细菌在慢性感染中的持久性(1,2)。因此,阐明生物膜形成的机制可能有助于治疗慢性感染,例如囊性纤维化患者气道中的铜绿假单胞菌(2)。在这里,我们显示了亚抑制浓度的氨基糖苷类抗生素诱导铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌中的生物膜形成。在铜绿假单胞菌中,我们将其称为氨基糖苷反应调节剂(arr)的基因对该诱导至关重要,并有助于生物膜特异性氨基糖苷抗性。预计arr基因会编码一种内膜磷酸二酯酶,其底物是环状二鸟苷单磷酸(c-di-GMP)-一种调节细胞表面粘附性的细菌第二信使(3)。我们发现从arr突变体的膜已减少了c-di-GMP磷酸二酯酶的活性,并且铜绿假单胞菌细胞的突变改变了预期的Arr催化残基,在它们对妥布霉素的生物膜反应中存在缺陷。此外,外源性GTP抑制了妥布霉素诱导的生物膜形成,已知该GTP抑制c-di-GMP磷酸二酯酶活性(4)。我们的结果表明,生物膜的形成可能是对抗生素存在的特异性防御​​反应,并表明这种反应的分子基础包括c-di-GMP水平的改变。

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