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A new family of RhoGEFs activates the Rop molecular switch in plants

机译:RhoGEF的新家族激活植物中的Rop分子开关

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In plants, the small GTP-binding proteins called Rops work as signalling switches that control growth, development and plant responses to various environmental stimuli(1-3). Rop proteins ( Rho of plants, Rac-like and AtRac in Arabidopsis thaliana) belong to the Rho family of Ras-related GTP-binding proteins that turn on signalling pathways by switching from a GDP-bound inactive to a GTP-bound active conformation(4,5). Activation depends on guanine nucleotide exchange factors ( GEFs) that catalyse the otherwise slow GDP dissociation for subsequent GTP binding(6). Although numerous RhoGEFs exist in animals and yeasts(7), no Rop-specific GEFs have yet been identified in plants and so Rop activation has remained elusive(1-3,8). Here we describe a new family of RhoGEF proteins that are exclusive to plants. We define a unique domain within these RopGEFs, termed PRONE (plant-specific Rop nucleotide exchanger), which is exclusively active towards members of the Rop subfamily. It increases nucleotide dissociation from Rop more than a thousand-fold and forms a tight complex with nucleotide-free Rop. RopGEFs may represent the missing link in signal transduction from receptor kinases to Rops and their identification has implications for the evolution of the Rho molecular switch.
机译:在植物中,称为Rops的小GTP结合蛋白可作为信号开关,控制生长,发育和植物对各种环境刺激的响应(1-3)。 Rop蛋白(植物的Rho,拟南芥中的Rac样和AtRac)属于Ras相关的GTP结合蛋白的Rho家族,它们通过从GDP结合的非活性转变为GTP结合的活性构象而开启信号通路( 4,5)。激活取决于鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEFs),该因子催化原本缓慢的GDP分解,进而导致随后的GTP结合(6)。尽管动物和酵母中存在大量的RhoGEF(7),但尚未在植物中鉴定出Rop特异性的GEF,因此Rop的活化作用仍然难以捉摸(1-3,8)。在这里,我们描述了植物专有的RhoGEF蛋白新家族。我们在这些RopGEF中定义了一个独特的域,称为PRONE(植物特异性Rop核苷酸交换剂),该域对Rop亚家族的成员具有唯一的活性。它使与Rop的核苷酸解离增加了1000倍以上,并与无核苷酸的Rop形成了紧密的复合物。 RopGEFs可能代表了从受体激酶到Rops的信号转导中的缺失环节,其鉴定对Rho分子开关的进化具有影响。

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