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Minimum speed limit for ocean ridge magmatism from Pb-210-Ra-226-Th-230 disequilibria

机译:Pb-210-Ra-226-Th-230不平衡引起的洋脊岩浆作用的最小速度极限

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Although 70 per cent of global crustal magmatism occurs at mid-ocean ridges(1) - where the heat budget controls crustal structure, hydrothermal activity and a vibrant biosphere - the tempo of magmatic inputs in these regions remains poorly understood. Such timescales can be assessed, however, with natural radioactive-decay- chain nuclides, because chemical disruption to secular equilibrium systems initiates parent - daughter disequilibria, which re- equilibrate by the shorter half- life in a pair. Here we use (210) Pb - (226) Ra - (230) Th radioactive disequilibria and other geochemical attributes in oceanic basalts less than 20 years old to infer that melts of the Earth's mantle can be transported, accumulated and erupted in a few decades. This implies that magmatic conditions can fluctuate rapidly at ridge volcanoes. (210) Pb deficits of up to 15 per cent relative to (226) Ra occur in normal mid- ocean ridge basalts, with the largest deficits in the most magnesium- rich lavas. The 22- year half- life of (210) Pb requires very recent fractionation of these two uranium- series nuclides. Relationships between (210) Pb- deficits, ( (226) Ra/ (230) Th) activity ratios and compatible trace- element ratios preclude crustal- magma differentiation or daughter- isotope degassing as the main causes for the signal. A mantle- melting model(2) can simulate observed disequilibria but preservation requires a subsequent mechanism to transport melt rapidly. The likelihood of magmatic disequilibria occurring before melt enters shallow crustal magma bodies also limits differentiation and heat replenishment timescales to decades at the localities studied.
机译:尽管全球地壳岩浆活动的70%发生在洋中脊(1),那里的热量预算控制着地壳结构,热液活动和活跃的生物圈,但对这些地区的岩浆输入速度仍然知之甚少。但是,可以使用天然放射性衰变链核素来评估这种时标,因为对世俗平衡系统的化学破坏会引发父子不平衡,这通过一对较短的半衰期来重新平衡。在这里,我们使用少于20年的海洋玄武岩中的(210)Pb-(226)Ra-(230)Th放射性失衡和其他地球化学特征来推断地球地幔的融化可以在几十年内被运输,累积和爆发。这意味着岩浆条件可能会在山脊火山处快速波动。 (210)相对于(226)Ra,铅的缺陷最多发生在正常的洋中脊玄武岩中,而在镁含量最高的熔岩中的缺陷最大。 (210)Pb的22年半衰期要求对这两种铀系列核素进行最新分级分离。 (210)铅缺乏,((226)Ra /(230)Th)活度比与相容的痕量元素比之间的关系排除了地壳岩浆分化或子同位素脱气作为信号产生的主要原因。地幔融化模型(2)可以模拟观察到的失衡,但是保存需要随后的机制来快速传输融解。在熔体进入浅地壳岩浆体之前发生岩浆不平衡的可能性,也将所研究的地区的分化和热量补充时间尺度限制在数十年之内。

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