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Dependence of Drosophila wing imaginal disc cytonemes on decapentaplegic

机译：果蝇翼假想椎间盘细胞分裂素对十功能障碍的依赖性

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摘要

The anterior/ posterior ( A/ P) and dorsal/ ventral ( D/ V) compartment borders that subdivide the wing imaginal discs of Drosophila third instar larvae are each associated with a developmental organizer. Decapentaplegic ( Dpp), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta) superfamily, embodies the activity of the A/ P organizer. It is produced at the A/ P organizer and distributes in a gradient of decreasing concentration to regulate target genes, functioning non- autonomously to regulate growth and patterning of both the anterior and posterior compartments(1 - 3). Wingless ( Wg) is produced at the D/ V organizer and embodies its activity(4,5). The mechanisms that distribute Dpp and Wg are not known, but proposed mechanisms include extracellular diffusion(6), successive transfers between neighbouring cells(7,8), vesicle- mediated movement(9), and direct transfer via cytonemes(10). Cytonemes are actin-based filopodial extensions that have been found to orient towards the A/ P organizer from outlying cells. Here we show that in the wing disc, cytonemes orient towards both the A/ P and D/ V organizers, and that their presence and orientation correlates with Dpp signalling. We also show that the Dpp receptor, Thickveins ( Tkv), is present in punctae that move along cytonemes. These observations are consistent with a role for cytonemes in signal transduction.
机译：将果蝇第三龄幼虫的翼状假想盘细分的前/后（A / P）和背/腹（D / V）隔室边界均与发育组织器相关。十足瘫痪（Dpp）是转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）超家族的成员，体现了A / P组织者的活性。它在A / P组织者处产生，并以浓度递减的梯度分布以调节靶基因，非自主地起作用以调节前室和后室的生长和模式（1-3）。 D / V组织者产生了Wingless（Wg），体现了它的活动（4,5）。分布Dpp和Wg的机制尚不清楚，但提出的机制包括细胞外扩散（6），相邻细胞之间的连续转移（7,8），囊泡介导的运动（9）以及通过细胞因子的直接转移（10）。 Cytonemes是基于肌动蛋白的丝状延伸，已发现其可从外围细胞向A / P组织者定向。在这里，我们显示出在翼状盘中，细胞素既朝向A / P和D / V的组织器，又指向其，其存在和方向与Dpp信号相关。我们还显示Dpp受体，Thickveins（Tkv），存在于沿细胞因子移动的点状中。这些观察结果与细胞因子在信号转导中的作用一致。

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