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A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking

机译:下丘脑外食欲素神经元在寻求奖励中的作用

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The lateral hypothalamus is a brain region historically implicated in reward and motivation(1 - 4), but the identity of the neurotransmitters involved are unknown. The orexins ( or hypocretins) are neuropeptides recently identified as neurotransmitters in lateral hypothalamus neurons(5,6). Although knockout and transgenic overexpression studies have implicated orexin neurons in arousal and sleep(7), these cells also project to reward- associated brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area(8,9). This indicates a possible role for these neurons in reward function and motivation(3,10), consistent with previous studies implicating these neurons in feeding(6). Here we show that activation of lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons is strongly linked to preferences for cues associated with drug and food reward. In addition, we show that chemical activation of lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons reinstates an extinguished drug- seeking behaviour. This reinstatement effect was completely blocked by prior administration of an orexin A antagonist. Moreover, administration of the orexin A peptide directly into the ventral tegmental area also reinstated drug- seeking. These data reveal a new role for lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons in reward- seeking, drug relapse and addiction.
机译:下丘脑外侧是历史上与奖励和动机有关的大脑区域(1-4),但所涉及的神经递质的身份尚不清楚。食欲素(或降钙素)是最近在下丘脑外侧神经元中被鉴定为神经递质的神经肽(5,6)。尽管基因敲除和转基因过表达的研究涉及觉醒和睡眠中的食欲素神经元(7),但这些细胞还有望奖励相关的大脑区域,包括伏隔核和腹侧被盖区域(8,9)。这表明这些神经元在奖赏功能和动机中可能发挥作用(3,10),这与以前的研究将这些神经元牵涉进进食是一致的(6)。在这里,我们显示了下丘脑外食欲蛋白神经元的激活与与药物和食物奖励相关的线索的偏好密切相关。此外,我们显示了下丘脑外侧部orexin神经元的化学激活可恢复已熄灭的药物寻找行为。这种恢复作用被先前给予的orexin A拮抗剂完全阻断了。此外,将orexin A肽直接施用到腹侧被盖区也可以恢复寻药。这些数据揭示了下丘脑外食欲蛋白神经元在奖励,药物复发和成瘾中的新作用。

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