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Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms

机译：二十世纪的人为海洋酸化及其对钙化生物的影响

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Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue, key marine organisms - such as corals and some plankton - will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean - carbon cycle to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a 'business-as-usual' scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.
机译：今天的表层海洋相对于碳酸钙已经饱和，但是增加大气中二氧化碳的浓度会降低海洋的pH值和碳酸根离子浓度，从而降低碳酸钙的饱和度。实验证据表明，如果这些趋势继续下去，那么关键的海洋生物（例如珊瑚和某些浮游生物）将难以维持其外部碳酸钙骨架。在这里，我们使用13种海洋模型-碳循环来评估IS92a“照常使用”方案下的碳酸钙饱和度，以用于未来人为二氧化碳的排放。根据我们的预测，到2050年，对于文石（一种亚稳形式的碳酸钙）而言，南大洋的地表水将开始变得不饱和。到2100年，这种不饱和度可能会延伸到整个南大洋，并进入南北极太平洋。在为期两天的船上实验中，当活翼足类动物暴露于我们预测的不饱和度水平时，其文石壳显示出明显的溶解性。我们的发现表明，对高纬度生态系统有害的条件可能在数十年之内发展，而不是像以前所建议的那样发展几个世纪。

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