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Meniscus-climbing insects

机译:半月板爬虫

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摘要

Water-walking insects and spiders rely on surface tension for static weight support(1,2) and use a variety of means to propel themselves along the surface(3-8). To pass from the water surface to land, they must contend with the slippery slopes of the menisci that border the water's edge. The ability to climb menisci is a skill exploited by water-walking insects as they seek land in order to lay eggs or avoid predators(4); moreover, it was a necessary adaptation for their ancestors as they evolved from terrestrials to live exclusively on the water surface(3). Many millimetre-scale water-walking insects are unable to climb menisci using their traditional means of propulsion(2,3,9). Through a combined experimental and theoretical study, here we investigate the meniscus-climbing technique that such insects use. By assuming a fixed body posture, they deform the water surface in order to generate capillary forces(10-13): they thus propel themselves laterally without moving their appendages. We develop a theoretical model for this novel mode of propulsion and use it to rationalize the climbers' characteristic body postures and predict climbing trajectories consistent with those reported here and elsewhere(3).
机译:水上行走的昆虫和蜘蛛依靠表面张力来获得静态重量支撑(1,2),并使用各种方式沿表面推动自身(3-8)。为了从水面流到土地,它们必须与弯月面与水边缘接壤的湿滑坡道相抗衡。爬半月板的能力是水上行走的昆虫在寻找土地以产卵或避免掠食者时所利用的一项技能(4);此外,这对于他们的祖先来说是必要的适应,因为他们从陆地进化到只生活在水面(3)。许多毫米级的水上行走昆虫无法使用其传统的推进方式爬升半月板(2,3,9)。通过结合实验和理论研究,在这里我们研究了这种昆虫使用的半月板攀爬技术。通过采取固定的身体姿势,他们使水表面变形,以产生毛细作用力(10-13):因此,他们在不移动附件的情况下横向推动自己。我们为这种新型的推进方式开发了一个理论模型,并用它来合理化登山者的特征性体位并预测与此处和其他地方所报道的一致的登山轨迹(3)。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7059期|p. 733-736|共4页
  • 作者

    Hu DL; Bush JWM;

  • 作者单位

    MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

    WATER-SURFACE; LOCOMOTION; PARTICLES;

    机译:水表面;运动;颗粒;

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