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The X-inactivation yo-yo

机译:X灭活溜溜球

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摘要

In female mammals, one of two X chromosomes has to be shut down during early development. To what extent does this 'imprinted X-chromosome inactivation' involve the history of the chromosome? In most mammals, males have the male sex-determining Y chromosome and a single X chromosome, whereas females have two X chromosomes. In females, the resulting imbalance in the 'dosage' of genes on the X chromosomes needs to be compensated so that gene expression from the X chromosome is equivalent in males and females. Mammals have evolved a unique form of dosage compensation, called X-chromosome inactivation, in which one of the two X chromosomes in female cells is silenced epigenetically — that is, by factors such as chemical modification of the DNA, or of the histone proteins that package DNA into chromosomes, often involving non-coding RNAs. Many aspects of mammalian X inactivation remain mysterious. But through elegant studies in the mouse, Okamoto and colleagues (page 369 of this issue) have unravelled some of the earliest events in the process.
机译:在雌性哺乳动物中,必须在早期发育过程中关闭两个X染色体之一。这种“印迹的X染色体失活”在多大程度上涉及染色体的历史?在大多数哺乳动物中,雄性有决定性别的Y染色体和一个X染色体,而雌性有两个X染色体。对于雌性,需要补偿X染色体上基因“剂量”的不平衡,以使雄性和雌性中X染色体的基因表达相等。哺乳动物进化出一种独特的剂量补偿形式,称为X染色体失活,其中雌性细胞中的两个X染色体之一通过表观遗传学沉默—即通过诸如DNA或组蛋白的化学修饰等因素沉默。将DNA包装到染色体中,通常涉及非编码RNA。哺乳动物X灭活的许多方面仍然是神秘的。但是,通过对老鼠的巧妙研究,Okamoto及其同事(本期第369页)揭示了该过程中最早的事件。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7066期|p.297-298|共2页
  • 作者单位

    Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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