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Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions

机译:气候变暖对雪域地区水供应的潜在影响

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摘要

All currently available climate models predict a near-surface warming trend under the influence of rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In addition to the direct effects on climate—for example, on the frequency of heatwaves—this increase in surface temperatures has important consequences for the hydrological cycle, particularly in regions where water supply is currently dominated by melting snow or ice. In a warmer world, less winter precipitation falls as snow and the melting of winter snow occurs earlier in spring. Even without any changes in precipitation intensity, both of these effects lead to a shift in peak river runoff to winter and early spring, away from summer and autumn when demand is highest. Where storage capacities are not sufficient, much of the winter runoff will immediately be lost to the oceans. With more than one-sixth of the Earth's population relying on glaciers and seasonal snow packs for their water supply, the consequences of these hydrological changes for future water availability—predicted with high confidence and already diagnosed in some regions—are likely to be severe.
机译:当前所有可用的气候模型都预测,在大气中温室气体含量增加的影响下,地表将出现近乎变暖的趋势。除了对气候的直接影响(例如,对热浪频率的影响)之外,地表温度的这种升高还对水文循环产生重要影响,特别是在当前水供应主要由融雪或冰融化的地区。在一个温暖的世界中,随着降雪,冬季降水减少,并且春季早些时候融化了冬季雪。即使降水强度没有任何变化,这两种影响都会导致河流的高峰径流向冬季和早春转移,而需求量最大的夏季和秋季则从夏季和秋季转移了。如果储存能力不足,大部分冬季径流将立即流失到海洋。地球上超过六分之一的人口依靠冰川和季节性积雪来提供水,这些水文变化对未来水的可用性产生的后果可能是很严重的,这种后果是高度可信的预测,并且已经在某些地区进行了诊断。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7066期|p.303-309|共7页
  • 作者单位

    Climate Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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