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A light-sensing knot revealed by the structure of the chromophore-binding domain of phytochrome

机译：由植物色素发色团结合结构域的结构揭示的光敏结

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摘要

Phytochromes are red/far-red light photoreceptors that direct photosensory responses across the bacterial, fungal and plant kingdoms. These include photosynthetic potential and pigmentation in bacteria as well as chloroplast development and photomorphogenesis in plants. Phytochromes consist of an amino-terminal region that covalently binds a single bilin chromophore, followed by a carboxy-terminal dimerization domain that often transmits the light signal through a histidine kinase relay. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of the chromophore-binding domain of Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome assembled with its chromophore biliverdin in the Pr ground state. Our model, refined to 2.5 A resolution, reaffirms Cys24 as the chromophore attachment site, locates key amino acids that form a solvent-shielded bilin-binding pocket, and reveals an unusually formed deep trefoil knot that stabilizes this region. The structure provides the first three-dimensional glimpse into the photochromic behaviour of these photoreceptors and helps to explain the evolution of higher plant phytochromes from prokaryotic precursors.
机译：植物色素是红色/远红色的光感受器，可指导细菌，真菌和植物界的光敏反应。这些包括细菌中的光合作用潜力和色素沉着，以及植物中的叶绿体发育和光形态发生。植物色素由共价结合单个Bilin生色团的氨基末端区域和通常通过组氨酸激酶中继传递光信号的羧基末端二聚结构域组成。在这里，我们描述了Derinococcus radiodurans植物色素的发色团结合域的三维结构及其在Pr基态的发色团biliverdin。我们的模型精确到2.5 A分辨率，再次确认Cys24是发色团的连接位点，定位了形成溶剂保护的bilin结合袋的关键氨基酸，并揭示了一个稳定形成该区域的异常三叶结。该结构为这些感光体的光致变色行为提供了第一个三维印象，并有助于解释高级植物植物色素从原核生物前体的进化。

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