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Extremely slow Drude relaxation of correlated electrons

机译：极慢的相关电子的Drude弛豫

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摘要

The electrical conduction of metals is governed by how freely mobile electrons can move throughout the material. This movement is hampered by scattering with other electrons, as well as with impurities or thermal excitations (phonons). Experimentally, the scattering processes of single electrons are not observed, but rather the overall response of all mobile charge carriers within a sample. The ensemble dynamics can be described by the relaxation rates, which express how fast the system approaches equilibrium after an external perturbation. Here we measure the frequency-dependent microwave conductivity of the heavy-fermion metal UPd_2Al_3 (ref. 4), finding that it is accurately described by the prediction for a single relaxation rate (the so-called Drude response). This is notable, as UPd_2Al_3 has strong interactions among the electrons that might be expected to lead to more complex behaviour. Furthermore, the relaxation rate of just a few gigahertz is extremely low—this is several orders of magnitude below those of conventional metals (which are typically around 10 THz), and at least one order of magnitude lower than previous estimates for comparable metals. These observations are directly related to the high effective mass of the charge carriers in this material and reveal the dynamics of interacting electrons.
机译：金属的导电性取决于可移动电子在整个材料中的自由移动方式。通过与其他电子以及杂质或热激发（声子）的散射，阻碍了该运动。在实验中，没有观察到单个电子的散射过程，而是观察到了样品中所有移动电荷载体的整体响应。整体动力学可以用松弛率来描述，松弛率表示系统在受到外部扰动后达到平衡的速度。在这里，我们测量重金属UPd_2Al_3的随频率变化的微波电导率（参考文献4），发现它可以通过对单个弛豫率（所谓的Drude响应）的预测来准确地描述。这是值得注意的，因为UPd_2Al_3在电子之间具有很强的相互作用，可能会导致更复杂的行为。此外，仅有几千兆赫兹的弛豫率非常低-这比常规金属（通常约为10 THz）的弛豫率低几个数量级，并且比先前对同类金属的估计值低至少一个数量级。这些观察结果与这种材料中电荷载流子的高有效质量直接相关，并揭示了相互作用电子的动力学。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7071期|p.1135-1137|共3页
  • 作者

    Marc Scheffler; Martin Dressel; Martin Jourdan; Hermann Adrian;

  • 作者单位

    Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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