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A volcanic environment for bedrock diagenesis at Meridiani Planum on Mars

机译：火星Meridiani Planum的火山岩基岩成岩环境

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摘要

Exposed bedrocks at Meridiani Planum on Mars display chemical and mineralogical evidence suggesting interaction with liquid water. On the basis of morphological observations as well as high abundances of haematite and sulphate minerals, the rocks have been interpreted as sediments that were deposited in a shallow body of briny water with subsequent evaporation leaving behind the sulphate minerals. The iron-sulphur mineralization at Meridiani has also been inferred to be analogous to that produced during oxidative weathering of metal sulphide minerals, such as occurs at acid mine drainage sites. Neither of these interpretations, however, is consistent with the chemical composition of the rocks. Here we propose an alternative model for diagenesis of Meridiani bedrock that involves deposition of volcanic ash followed by reaction with condensed sulphur dioxide- and water-bearing vapours emitted from fumaroles. This scenario does not require prolonged interaction with a standing body of surface water and may have occurred at high temperatures. Consequently, the model invokes an environment considerably less favourable for biological activity on Mars than previously proposed interpretations.
机译：火星Meridiani Planum裸露的基岩显示出化学和矿物学证据，表明与液态水相互作用。根据形态学观察以及大量的赤铁矿和硫酸盐矿物，岩石被解释为沉积在浅水咸水体中的沉积物，随后蒸发而留下了硫酸盐矿物。还可以推断出Meridiani的铁硫矿化与金属硫化物矿物的氧化风化过程中产生的类似，例如在酸性矿山的排水现场。但是，这两种解释均与岩石的化学成分不一致。在这里，我们提出了一个用于Meridiani基岩成岩作用的替代模型，该模型涉及火山灰的沉积，然后与从喷气孔喷出的冷凝的二氧化硫和水蒸气反应。这种情况不需要长时间与地表水直立的物体相互作用，并且可能在高温下发生。因此，与先前提出的解释相比，该模型所调用的环境大大不利于火星上的生物活动。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2005年第7071期|p.1129-1131|共3页
  • 作者

    Thomas M. McCollom; Brian M. Hynek;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Astrobiology, Campus Box 392, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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