The cultural wealth of nations

Mark Pagel; Ruth Mace

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The cultural wealth of nations

机译：国家的文化财富

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Why, when the human race shows comparatively little genetic variation, are cultural differences so widespread and enduring? Thinking about cultures in terms of biological species provides some provocative answers. Humans are the virtuosos of cultural diversity. We fish, hunt, shepherd, forage and cultivate. We practise polygyny, polyandry and monogamy, pay bride-prices and dowries, and have patri-lineal and matrilineal wealth inheritance. We construct or inhabit all manner of shelters, speak about 7,000 different languages and eat everything from seeds to whales. And this is not counting many unique, and. sometimes bizarre, belief systems and behavioural practices. Contemporary cultural diversity is probably a fraction of the diversity that has ever existed, and there may be less cultural diversity now than there was 10,000 years ago, just before the advent of agriculture. Because of their superior reproductive rate, agriculturalists replaced many indigenous hunter-gatherer cultures' as they spread across Europe and other parts of the globe.

机译：为什么当人类的遗传变异相对较少时，文化差异却如此广泛和持久吗？从生物物种的角度思考文化可以提供一些启发性的答案。人类是文化多样性的代表。我们钓鱼，打猎，牧羊，觅食和耕种。我们实行一夫多妻制，一妻多夫制和一夫一妻制，支付彩礼和嫁妆，并拥有父系和母系财产继承权。我们建造或居住各种形式的庇护所，说7,000种不同的语言，并食用从种子到鲸鱼的所有食物。这还不算很多独特之处。有时是奇怪的信仰体系和行为习惯。当代文化多样性可能只是曾经存在的多样性的一小部分，现在的文化多样性可能比一万年前的农业出现之前要少。由于其较高的繁殖率，当他们遍及欧洲和全球其他地方时，农业学家取代了许多土著猎人-采集者文化。

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来源
《Nature》 |2004年第6980期|p.275-278|共4页
作者
Mark Pagel; Ruth Mace;
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作者单位

School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类自然科学总论;
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机译：文化同化，文化传播和国家财富的起源

The cultural wealth of nations

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