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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Chaotic electron diffusion through stochastic webs enhances current flow in superlattices
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Chaotic electron diffusion through stochastic webs enhances current flow in superlattices

机译：通过随机网的混沌电子扩散增强了超晶格中的电流

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摘要

Understanding how complex systems respond to change is of fundamental importance in the natural sciences. There is particular interest in systems whose classical ncwtonian motion becomes chaotic as an applied perturbation grows. The transition to chaos usually occurs by the gradual destruction of stable orbits in parameter space, in accordance with the Kolmo-gorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theorem—a cornerstone of nonlinear dynamics that explains, for example, gaps in the asteroid belt. By contrast, 'non-KAM' chaos switches on and off abruptly at critical values of the perturbation frequency. This type of dynamics has wide-ranging implications in the theory of plasma physics, tokamak fusion, turbulence, ion traps, and quasicrystals. Here we realize non-KAM chaos experimentally by exploiting the quantum properties of electrons in the periodic potential of a semiconductor super-lattice with an applied voltage and magnetic field. The onset of chaos at discrete voltages is observed as a large increase in the current flow due to the creation of unbound electron orbits, which propagate through intricate web patterns in phase space. Non-KAM chaos therefore provides a mechanism for controlling the electrical conductivity of a condensed matter device: its extreme sensitivity could find applications in quantum electronics and photonics.
机译：在自然科学中，了解复杂系统如何响应变化至关重要。对于随着应用扰动的增长其经典ncwtonian运动变得混乱的系统尤其引起关注。根据Kolmo-gorov-Arnold-Moser（KAM）定理，这是非线性动力学的基石，它解释了例如小行星带中的间隙，通常是由于参数空间中稳定轨道的逐渐破坏而发生的。相比之下，“非KAM”混乱会以扰动频率的临界值突然打开和关闭。这种动力学在等离子物理，托卡马克聚变，湍流，离子阱和准晶体等理论中具有广泛的意义。在这里，我们通过在施加电压和磁场的情况下，利用半导体超晶格的周期性电势中电子的量子特性，通过实验来实现非KAM混沌。由于产生了未结合的电子轨道，电流在电流中大幅度增加，因此在离散电压下出现了混沌现象，该电子轨道在相空间中通过复杂的网状图案传播。因此，非KAM混沌提供了一种控制冷凝物质设备电导率的机制：其极高的灵敏度可以在量子电子学和光子学中找到应用。

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